Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.3 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul 0 3742 666831 665360 2024-05-02T23:23:12Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:herring2.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Héring Atlantik]], ''Clupea harengus'': spésiés lauk panglobana di sakuliah dunya.]] '''Lauk''' atawa lauk cai mangrupa [[vertebrata]] poikilotermik (getih tiis) nu hirup di jero cai maké [[insang]]. Di dunya, lauk kabagi jadi leuwih ti 27 rébu [[spésiés]], nepi ka jadi golongan vertebrata nu loba rupana. Sacara taksonomis, lauk téh mangrupa hiji kelompok [[parafilétik]] nu hubungan di antarana paling mindeng dipadungdengkeun; babagian nu umum mah nyaéta jadi [[lauk tanpa rahang]] (kelas [[Agnatha]], 75 spésiés kaasup [[belut]] jeung ''[[hagfish]]''), [[lauk kartilagus]] (kelas [[Chondrichthyes]], aya 800 spésiés, kaasup [[hiu]]), sarta sésana dina kelas [[lauk ipis]] ([[Osteichthyes]]). Lauk téh mangrupa golongan sato anu ukuran awakna rupa-rupa pisan: ti [[hiu]] anu 16 m nepi ka [[impun]] anu ukur 2&nbsp;cm, malah loba kénéh anu ukuranana leuwih leutik ti impun. <!-- Certain species of fish maintain elevated body temperatures to varying degrees. Endothermic [[teleosts]] (bony fishes) are all in the suborder Scombroidei and include the billfishes, tunas, and one species of "primitive" mackerel (''Gasterochisma melampus''). All sharks in the family [[Lamnidae]] – shortfin mako, long fin mako, white, porbeagle, and salmon shark – are known to have the capacity for endothermy, and evidence suggests the trait exists in family [[Alopiidae]] (thresher sharks). The degree of endothermy varies from the billfish, which warm only their eyes and brain, to [[bluefin tuna]] and porbeagle sharks who maintain body temperatures elevated in excess of 20 °C above ambient water temperatures. ''See also [[gigantothermy]]''. Endothermy, though metabolically costly, is thought to provide advantages such as increased contractile force of muscles, higher rates of central [[nervous system]] processing, and higher rates of [[digestion]].--> == Ékologi == Urang bisa manggihan lauk ampir di sakabéh awak [[cai]] anu badag, boh di darat anu jerona ukur puluhan sénti nepi ka sagara anu jerona rébuan méter. <!-- Catching fish for the purpose of [[food]] or [[sport]] is known as [[fishing]]. The annual [[yield]] from all [[fishery|fisheries]] worldwide is about 100 [[million]] [[tonne]]s. [[Overfishing]] is a threat to many species of fish. On [[May 15]] [[2003]], the journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' reported that all large [[ocean]]ic fish species worldwide had been so systematically over caught that fewer than 10% of 1950 levels remained. [http://www.globeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20030514.wfish1405/BNStory/National/] Particularly imperiled were [[shark]]s, Atlantic [[cod]], [[Bluefin tuna]], and Pacific [[sardine]]s. The authors recommended immediate drastic cutbacks in fish catches and reservation of ocean [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] worldwide. ==Fish as food== Fishes are an important source of food in many cultures. Other water-dwelling animals such as [[mollusk]]s, [[crustacean]]s, and [[shellfish]] are often called "fish" when used as food. For more details, see [[Fish (food)]]. [[Image:bbas2.jpg|thumb|''Centropristis striata'']]--> == Klasifikasi == Lauk mah ngabentuk kelompok parafilétik: sakabéh kumpulan (''[[clade]]'') nu ngandung lauk salawasna ngandung ogé [[tétrapoda]] nu lain lauk. Lauk digolongkeun kana sababaraha kelompok utama: * [[Conodonta]] * [[Hyperoartia]] ** [[Petromyzontidae]] (''[[lamprey]]'') * [[Pteraspidomorphi]] (lauk tanpa rahang kuna) * [[Thelodonti]] * [[Anaspida]] * [[Cephalaspidomorphi]] (lauk tanpa rahang kuna) ** [[Galeaspida]] ** [[Pituriaspida]] ** [[Osteostraci]] * [[Gnathostomata]] (jawed vertebrates) ** [[Placodermi]] ** [[Chondrichthyes]] (cartilaginous fish) ** [[Acanthodii]] ** [[Osteichthyes]] (bony fish) *** [[Actinopterygii]] (ray-finned fish) *** [[Sarcopterygii]] (lobe-finned fish) **** [[Actinistia]] ([[coelacanth]]s) **** [[Dipnoi]] ([[lungfish]]) Pikeun klasifikasi anu leuwih lengkep, mangga tingal artikel [[vertebrata]]. == Baca ogé == * [[Sato]] * [[Akuarium]] * [[Lauk sagara jero]] * [[Anatomi lauk]] * [[Migrasi lauk]] * [[Nguseup]] * [[Ihtiologi]] (ulikan ngeunaan lauk) * [[Daptar kulawarga lauk]] * [[Daptar ngaran umum lauk]] * [[Ostrakoderma]] - lauk munggaran * [[Lauk prasajarah]] == Tumbu kaluar == {{commons|Category:Actinopterygii}} * [http://www.70south.com/resources/animals/marine/antarcticfish 70South - information on Antarctic fish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106033822/http://www.70south.com/resources/animals/marine/antarcticfish |date=2006-01-06 }} * [http://www.aworldoffish.com A World of Fish] Species information and fish care * [http://www.fishbase.org Fish database] ([[FishBase]]) * Join Ray Mullet in the [http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/fish/ Fish Olympics]! * Project for children - [http://marine.rutgers.edu/~kils/BASS/mobile/INDEX.HTM build a fish mobile with a behavior] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040214155536/http://marine.rutgers.edu/~kils/BASS/mobile/INDEX.HTM |date=2004-02-14 }} * [http://www.aquatichouse.com Fish Keeping] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318142930/http://www.aquatichouse.com/ |date=2006-03-18 }} * [http://www.aquaticcommunity.com Site with one of the largest fish databases in the world] * [http://reelinthefish.net/interviews/jameskoliver.html Reelinthefish.net | Interview with Dr James K. Oliver, Reefbase Scientist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110173407/http://reelinthefish.net/interviews/jameskoliver.html |date=2006-01-10 }} * [http://fishy.us Fishy.Us] Articles & Particles * [http://hardrockforums.com/forums Saltwater & Freshwater Forums] * [http://www.catfishbirddog.com/fish/ Help on raising Aquarium Fish]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.fishdeals.com/ Aquarium Fish Education] * [http://find-a-seafood-recipe.com/ Fish and Seafood Recipes] Cooking With Fish * [http://www.easyreefer.com/ Reef aquarium community and learning center] * [http://www.fiberi.de German Educator in Fisheries, Specialist in Fancy Goldfish and Fishhealth, with Forum and large Picture-Gallery]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://oriol.mine.nu/software/Fish/ Fish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209081740/http://oriol.mine.nu/software/Fish/ |date=2006-02-09 }} Aquarium simulator for mac. * [http://www.arofanatics.com/ AroFanatics] Website one of the most popular fish-keeping forum. * [http://www.fishfriend.com/ The Aquarium Fish Tank Friend] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060202095819/http://fishfriend.com/ |date=2006-02-02 }} * [http://www.wildanimalsonline.com/fish/ Information about fish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316162627/http://www.wildanimalsonline.com/fish/ |date=2006-03-16 }} - Wild Animals Online encyclopedia * [http://www.mnoutdoors.org Minnesotas Foremost Fishing, Hunting, and Outdoor Community] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516064836/http://www.mnoutdoors.org/ |date=2006-05-16 }} - réad Stories, Download our Newsletter, Join our Club! {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} [[Kategori:Chordata]] [[Kategori:Ékologi akuatik]] ssum6licqbumnykgzkylzn3ec7jfaap 0 16178 666827 655506 2024-05-02T15:51:20Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cross sections of teeth intl.svg|thumb|300px|Huntu]] '''Huntu''' mangrupa wangun anu aya dina [[rahang]]/caréham lolobana [[vertebrata]]. Guna huntu anu utama nyaéta pikeun nyewir/nyoéh jeung ngagayem [[dahareun]], sarta, di sababaraha [[sato]] hususna [[karnivora]], pikeun jogol atawa mertahankeun hirup. <ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=bqZYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA144&dq=harupat&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjChriyla3PAhWFq48KHRHiAvU4ChDoAQgnMAM#v=onepage&q=harupat&f=false Huntu]</ref> Huntu téh kaasup salah sahiji ciri pangbéda pikeun [[spésiés|-spésiés]] mamalia katut [[fosil]]na. Para ahli [[paléontologi]] ngagunakeun huntu pikeun nangtukeun spésiés fosil katut pancakakina, ku sabab bentuk huntu mah luyu jeung kadaharan mangkelukna. Pikeun conto, dahareun tina tutuwuhan mah hésé dicerna, ku kituna [[hérbivora]] boga loba geraham pikeun ngagayem. Sabalikna, [[karnivora]] nu kadaharanana daging butuh sihung pikeun maéhan jeung nyewiran daging. Béda jeung manusa nu huntuna mekar jadi dua pasang sapanjang hirupna (''diphyodont''), sasatoan mah aya nu ''monophyodont'', aya ogé anu ''polyphyodont''. [[Hiu]], pikeun conto, huntuna téh jadi unggal dua minggu. Béda deui jeung sato pangokos, huntu [[sato]] golongan ieu mah huntuna terus-terusan tumuwuh, antukna kudu salawasna dipaké ngokosan. == Huntu manusa == [[Gambar:Silvia teeth 27 may 06 email.jpg|left|thumb|Huntu susu budak umur 8 taun. Tengetan euweuhna akar huntu, nu mémang ancur saméméh huntu susu punglak.]] <!--[[Image:Teeth diagram.png|right|thumb|270px|float|Diagram huntu sawawa jeung huntu budak.]]--> [[Manusa]] kaasup ''diphyodont'', nu hartina ngalaman dua hambalan kamekaran huntu sapanjang hirupna. Sét kahiji (huntu "susu" atawa "primér") ilaharna mah mimiti bijil dina umur genep bulan, najan aya ogé nu geus katémbong huntuna ti saprak dibabarkeun Huntu susu ieu lobana dua puluh nu sumebar rata sapanjang kuadran baham. Unggal ''kuadran'' lima huntu mibanda: * ''central [[incisor]]'' * ''lateral incisor'' * ''cuspid'' (''[[canine tooth|canine]]'') * [[molar (huntu)|molar]] kahiji * molar kadua <!-- The second, permanent set of teeth consists of 32 teeth. Twenty-eight of them appear between the ages of about 6 and 12 years. Secondary teeth do not push deciduous teeth out of their sockets; instead, a group of cells (odontoclasts) forms in front of tip of second tooth and disolves the base of first tooth. Finally, the first tooth is held in place only by tissues of gum. Deciduous molars are replaced by premolars. The third molars (the [[wisdom teeth]]) are the final teeth to erupt, usually around age 20. However, it is common for the wisdom teeth not to erupt at all; this is often the case in small jaws without room to support the extra teeth. It is possible, though rare, for a person to have fourth molars, and there have been instances where fifth molars have been present in the dentition. [http://www.thejcdp.com/issue016/kokten/index_nlm.htm] [[Image:ToothSection.jpg|thumb|250px|right|float|Section of a human molar]] Permanent teeth are evenly distributed across the mouth's quadrants. Each quadrant of eight teeth has a: *central [[incisor]] *lateral incisor *cuspid ([[canine tooth|canine]]) *first premolar (bicuspid) *second premolar (bicuspid) *first [[molar (tooth)|molar]] *second molar *third molar (wisdom teeth) The permanent set may last for life if cared for properly through a regular program of [[dental hygiene]], including regular [[Toothbrush|brushing]] and professional cleaning by a dentist or hygienist. Teeth that are susceptible to decay may be [[dental sealants|sealed]] for additional protection. Teeth are attached to the underlying bone of the [[mandible|jaw]] via the [[periodontal ligament]], though the teeth themselves are not made of bone. The white part of the tooth, which can be seen in the mouth, is the [[Tooth enamel|enamel]]. Immediately one to three mm below the enamel is a slightly softer, yellow tissue called [[dentin]]. Dentin is supported by the [[Pulp (tooth)|pulp]] (commonly called 'the nerve', although it contains many other structures which are not nerves), which lies in the center of the tooth. The teeth's composition is specialized to resist the harsh environment of the oral cavity and withstand the large forces imposed upon them by [[mastication]], or chewing. [[Dentistry|Dentists]] use several different notation systems to refer to a specific tooth. The three most commons systems are the [[Universal numbering system (dental)|Universal numbering system]], the [[Palmer Notation Method]], and the two-digit [[FDI World Dental Federation notation]] which is widely used internationally [http://www.drbunn.com/number.htm]. Dentists sometimes refer to the inner surface of teeth as the ''lingual'' surface (meaning towards the [[tongue]]), and the outer surface as the ''labial'' surface (meaning towards the [[lips]]) or "buccal" (meaning towards the cheek). Other terms are ''mesial'' (toward the midline), ''distal'' (away from the midline), ''occlusal'' (the top surface), ''incisal'' (the cutting surface), "gingival" (toward the gumline), and "pulpal" (toward the center). ==Tooth decay== ===Plaque=== {{main|Dental plaque}} Plaque is a soft white layer which forms on teeth, containing large amounts of [[bacterium|bacteria]] of various types, particularly ''[[Streptococcus mutans]]''. Left unchecked for a few days plaque will harden, especially near the gums, forming ''[[Calculus (dental)|tartar]]''. Certain [[bacterium|bacteria]] in the mouth live off the remains of foods, especially [[sugar]]s. In the absence of [[oxygen]] they produce [[lactic acid]], which [[Solvation|dissolves]] the [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]] in the enamel in a process known as ''demineralisation''. Enamel demineralisation takes place below the ''critical [[pH]]'' of about 5.5. [[Saliva]] gradually neutralises the [[acid]]s which cause the pH of the tooth surface to rise above the critical pH. This causes 'remineralisation', the return of the dissolved minerals to the enamel. If there is sufficient time between the intake of foods (two to three hours) then the impact is limited and the teeth can repair themselves. ===Caries (Cavities)=== {{main|Dental caries}} :''This section should be [[Wikipedia:Duplicate articles#How articles should be merged|merged]] into [[Dental caries]].'' [[Image:Dental x-ray.jpg|right|frame|Radiographs, or [[X-ray]]s, can reveal if a person has any cavities and some diseases. Note the fillings (solid white) in this person's molars.]] [[Caries]] is a term used to describe the process in which some bacteria produce cavitation of the teeth. This group of bacteria, which are a part of the normal oral flora, have a complex relationship with the host in which they use sugar that the host consumes to metabolize as energy and produce acid which subsequently dissolves the teeth. Caries refers to many, not one, species of bacteria including lactobacillus and viridians streptococci. Pits and fissures and interproximal smooth surfaces are the most commonly colonized areas of the teeth. Attempts to prevent dental caries involves reducing the factors that cause demineralisation, and increasing the factors leading to remineralisation. Unchecked demineralisation leads to cavities, which may penetrate the underlying dentine to the tooth's [[nerve]]-rich pulp and lead to toothache. In moderation, [[fluoride]] is known to protect the teeth against cavities. It toughens the teeth by replacing the ''hydroxyapatite'' and ''carbonated hydroxyapatite'' minerals of which the enamel is made with ''fluorapatite'', which is harder to dissolve by acid. It also reduces the production of acids by bacteria in the mouth by reducing their ability to metabolize sugars. The addition of fluoride (sodium monofluorophosphate) to [[toothpaste]] is now very common, and may explain the decline in dental caries in the [[Western countries|Western world]] in the past 76 years. Some believe that a diet rich in fluorine salts, particularly in childhood, can lead to a stronger enamel which is less susceptible to decay. [[Fluoridation]] of drinking water remains a controversial issue. However, in many parts of the world, the natural water supply may be sufficiently rich in fluorides to supply the needs of children without additional sources being required. Caries is an infectious disease and is treated only by prevention. Once the decay process begins, caries can be eliminated only through the removal of the bacteria. Fluoride can be used to remineralize decalcified enamel, but new tooth structure cannot be regrown. When a patient gets a [[Dental fillings|filling]], the dentist mechanically removes the bacterial flora and dead tooth structure and replaces it with a restorative material (metal or glass). This was, traditionally, achieved using gold or a compound of metals called amalgam. Amalgam fillings have been the cause of some public concern because they contain [[mercury (element)|mercury]]. Modern tooth-colored [[composite]] or ceramic are used in addition to traditional amalgam fillings. As a last resort, teeth affected by caries may be [[Extraction (dental)|extracted]], preferably under local or general anaesthetic. The extracted teeth may be either replaced with a denture or if extracted much before permanent teeth erupts, the space may be maintained by specialized ortho appliances called as Space Maintainers. ==Tooth care== [[Image:SpooSpas teeth.jpg|thumb|right|Notice the temporary [[Crown (dentistry)|crown]], and that the [[wisdom teeth]] have been removed.]] {{main|oral hygiene}} Regular brushing is recommended by healthcare professionals twice a day. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2999806.stm]. Studies show that the minimum required time interval is once every two days. A mirror may be used to see if the plaque is completely removed during brushing. The actual term 'brushing' is rather inaccurate. Though a toothbrush is used, it is not designed to deliver mechanical abrasive action. Rather, the surface of the brush is meant to be held at a forty five degree angle to remove plaque from the periodontal margin (the space in between the gum and tooth). Thus, the term 'cleaning teeth' is far more accurate. In research, levels of plaque were recorded before and after brushing and found that plaque removal steadily improved as brushing times and pressure were increased. However, their results showed that when people brush for longer than two minutes, at a pressure higher than 150 grams (the weight of an orange), they are not removing any additional plaque, and may be causing permanent damage to the teeth and gums. Brushing teeth immediately after eating acidic foods is not recommended, because acid softens the enamel, which can then be damaged by brushing. It is better to wait at least half an hour after eating acidic foods before brushing. Rinsing the mouth and eating non-acidic foods can also speed up this process. [[Electric toothbrush]]es are no more effective than the manual variety, according to research. However, "rotation-oscillation" electric toothbrushes out-performed manual brushing, removing around 7% more plaque and leading to 17% less gum disease than manual brushes. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2679175.stm] Any kind of electric toothbrush does tend to help people who are not as good at cleaning their teeth and as a result have had oral hygiene problems. As noted above, eating certain [[cheese]]s such as [[cheddar]] or [[Parmesan]] soon after eating potentially harmful foods have been noted to be helpful in preventing tooth decay as well. In the future, tooth decay may be banished by treatment with a genetically modified bacterium, according to research at the University of Florida. [http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99991941] == Dentures and "false" teeth == In societies that have high sugar diets, tooth decay can damage teeth badly enough that they need to be removed. This leads to the creation of replacement teeth such as [[dentures]] and other tooth replacements. Some of the earliest artificial teeth were made by the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]]s and their use was adopted in [[Ancient Rome]] for the wealthy citizens who often dined on food containing damaging sugars. == Cacad huntu == * [[Amelogenesis imperfecta]] - enamel, beungeut primér huntu, teu kabentuk kalawan sampurna atawa henteu aya sama sakali. * [[Dentinogenesis imperfecta]] - sarupa jeung nu di luhur, tapi ogé mangaruhan lapisan handapeunana * Hiperkalsifikasi * Hipokalsifikasi * Deossifikasi - leungitna jaringan tulang * [[Dental fluorosis]] - white spotted, yellow, brown, black and sometimes pitted teeth from over-ingesting fluoride * Supernumerary roots - presence of a higher-than-normal number of roots on a tooth. Most common in maxillary bicuspids. * Abnormalities with number of teeth ** [[Anodontia]] - total lack of tooth development ** [[Hyperdontia]] - presence of a higher-than-normal number of teeth ** [[Hypodontia]] - missing teeth) * Abnormalities with size of teeth ** [[Microdontia]] ** [[Macrodontia (Tooth)|Macrodontia]] * Abnormalities in shape of teeth ** [[Tooth Gemination]] ** [[Tooth Fusion]] - the union of two adjacent tooth germs by dentin during formation) ** [[Concrescence]] ** [[Talon cusp]] ** [[Cusp of Carabelli]] ** [[Dens Envaginus]] - cusp-like elevation of enamel ** [[Dens in Dente]] - also called dens invaginus ** [[Ectopic enamel]] ** [[Taurodontism]] ** [[Hypercementosis]] ** [[Dilaceration]] - trauma to the tooth during formation causing damage to the root structure ** Supernumerary roots - presence of a higher-than-expected number of roots on a tooth --> == Kamekaran huntu == Aya tilu hambalan dina kamekaran émbrionik huntu: Hambalan ''Bud'', Hambalan ''Cap'', jeung Hambalan ''Bell''. Hambalan Bud dimimitian dina minggu katujuh kahirupan jero kandungan. == Kanyataan ngeunaan huntu sasatoan == [[Gambar:Mammoth_ivory_hg.jpg|thumb|Potongan [[gading]] hiji [[mamot]]]] * Huntu séri [[rodénsia]] terus tumuwuh sapanjang hirupna. * Huntu [[répril]] jeung [[hiu]] terus-terusan ganti; [[buhaya]] ganti huntu leuwih ti opat puluh kali sapanjang hirupna. * Gading [[gajah]] mangrupa huntu husus pikeun ngali dahareun jeung tarung. * [[Kuya]] jeung [[penyu]] mah teu huntuan. * Huntu [[kuda]] bisa dipaké pikeun ngira-ngira umur satona. == Tumbu kaluar == * [http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/dentalanat.html An overview of dental anatomy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824022120/http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/dentalanat.html |date=2006-08-24 }} * [http://ozres.com/Health-Teeth.htm Tips for healthier teeth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930035224/http://ozres.com/Health-Teeth.htm |date=2007-09-30 }} * [http://www.tooth-teeth.info A website on teeth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115033718/https://www.tooth-teeth.info/ |date=2017-11-15 }} * [http://www.mchoralhealth.org/OpenWide/images/tooth_eruption_cht.htm Tooth eruption chart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423081255/http://www.mchoralhealth.org/OpenWide/images/tooth_eruption_cht.htm |date=2009-04-23 }} * [http://www.faqfarm.com/Q/Is_it_true_that_some_people_grow_three_sets_of_teeth Stories from people who have grown a third set of teeth] * [http://www.azonano.com/news.asp?newsID=2528 New Technology to Regrow Teeth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011211542/http://www.azonano.com/news.asp?newsID=2528 |date=2007-10-11 }} - Azonano.com {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Huntu]] l3d1k14omu5ebjee5wzzyii5f7fvn9x 0 20625 666828 630816 2024-05-02T16:27:48Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:A drink for relaxation......11.jpg|jmpl|jus buah]] '''Inuman''' ilaharna nujul kana sagala rupa cairan nu diteleg. Kecap ieu kadang-kadang dipaké keur harti nu leuwih heureut, keur [[inuman nu ngandung alkohol]]. == Jenis cai inuman == === Cai herang === Ilaharna [[manusa]] ngonsumsi [[cai]] herang nu bérésih, herang jeung steril minangka inuman utama keur dikonsumsi, tur ieu téh kacida hadéna keur kasehatan. Cara-cara nyeterilkeun cai di antarana: * [[Ozonisasi]], nyaéta ngolah cai maké [[ozon]] nu ilahar dilakukeun di pausahaan cai inuman dina kemasan nu skalana gedé * maké [[sinar]] [[ultra violét]] sakumaha nu dipaké dina depot cai inuman eusi ulang * Ditaheur, ilaharna di rumah tangga-rumah tangga di [[Indonésia]] === Cai warnaan === [[Gambar:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|150px|right|thumb|[[Jus jeruk]]]] [[Gambar:FountainSoda.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Inuman nu dikarbonasi]] [[Gambar:A small cup of coffee.JPG|thumb|150px|right|Sacangkir [[kopi]]]] Lian ti cai herang, inuman ogé loba rupana, boh keur acara resmi, istirahat, atawa acara santey di imah. Unggal wewengkon mibanda inuman has sewang-sewangan. Inuman nu ilahar disuguhkeun di antarana: * [[Susu]] * [[Jus]] * [[Anggur (inuman)|Anggur]] (''wine'') * [[Vodka]] * Inuman tina [[kopi]] ** [[Cappuccino]] ** [[Kopi]] ** [[Espresso]] ** [[Kopi frappé Yunani|Frappé]] ** Kopi nu dirasaan ([[moka]] jsb.) ** [[És kopi]] ** [[Latte]] * [[Coklat]] * [[Cider]] * [[Glühwein]] * Inuman tina [[entéh]] ** Entéh rasaan ([[chai]] jsb.) ** [[Téh héjo]] ** [[És téh]] ** [[Téh]] ** [[Téh hérbal]] === Inuman has Indonésia === * Inuman panas ** [[Bajigur]] ** [[Sakoteng]] ** [[Serbat]] ** [[Wédang]] * Inuman tiis ** [[Céndol]] ** [[És télér]] ** [[Bir peletok]] ** [[Cingcau|És cingcau]] === Inuman tradisional Sunda === * Bajigur: nyaéta inuman anu rasana amis, dijieunna tina cipati dicampuran gula kawung jeung cangkaléng, diseungitan ku daun pandan, nyieunna digodogkeun. * Bandrék: inuman nu rasana amis lada, dijieunna tina cai dicampuran gula kawung jeung jahé, nyieunna digodogkeun. * Céndol: kadaharan sabangsa dawet, dijieunna tina aci kawung, jsté, digéréntél-géréntél, didaharna maké peueut dicipatian * Cingcaw: kadaharan jiga ager héjo nu dijieun tina daun camcauh, didaharna maké sirop. * Goyobod: sabangsa kadaharan tina tipung atawa aci jeung ager, didaharna jeung alpuket maké sirop diésan. * Lahang: cai amis tina leungeun kawung, kalapa jeung sabangsa palem lianna, sok diinum, atawa dijieun gula. * Sakoteng: ngaran sarupa kadaharan tina aci sampeu sina pasagi sarta dipulas jiga siki dalima, ditinyuh ku gula jeung cipati panas ditambahan ku roti meunang ngeureutan sagedé-gedé dadu. * Sirop: cai gula kentel dicampuran sari bungbuahan jsté., nu beunang dililakeun, diinumna ditambahan cai és jsté. * Téh tubruk: inuman anu dijieun tina cai dicampur entéh, dina nyieunna entéh ditinyuh ku cai panas ngagolak, dicampur ku gula bodas. == Tumbu luar == * [http://www.perpamsi.org/ Persatuan Perusahaan Air Minum Seluruh Indonésia (Perpamsi)] * [http://www.pom.go.id/ Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (POM) Republik Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829014225/http://www.pom.go.id/ |date=2011-08-29 }} [[Kategori:Dahareun jeung inuman]] 5191w75ny3y1yusj42fl7fflqm5ag2m 0 34404 666822 653385 2024-05-02T12:40:44Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Institusi ieu mangrupa bagian ti [[Uni Éropa]]. Pikeun patepungan tingkat mentri nu ngaranna mirip, temp [[Déwan Uni Éropa]]. Pikeun organisasi di luar Uni Éropa nu ngaranna mirip, tempo [[Majelis Éropa]]'' [[Image:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F075760-0010, Brüssel, Sitzung des Europarates.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Tradisi "Poto Babarengan". Gambar dicandak basa Bélgia ngajabat Kaprésidénan Déwan Uni Eropa (1987) di [[Istana Karajaan Brussel]].]] '''Déwan Éropa''' ('''''Européan Council''''', katelah ogé minangka '''''Européan Summit''''') mangrupa organisasi politik pangluhurna dina [[Uni Éropa]].<ref name="nbiz">{{cite web|last=van Grinsven|first=Peter|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=The European Council under Construction|work=|publisher=Netherlands Institution for international Relations|month=September|year=2003|url=http://www.nbiz.nl/publications/2003/20030900_cli_paper_dip_issue88.pdf|format=PDF|doi=|accessdate=2007-08-16}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928110519/http://www.nbiz.nl/publications/2003/20030900_cli_paper_dip_issue88.pdf |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref> Rapat-rapatna saméméhna diluluguan ku pupuhu salah sahiji nagara anggota nu keur ngajabat [[Kaprésidénan Déwan Uni Éropa|Kaprésidénan]] [[Déwan Uni Éropa]].<ref name="How work">{{cite web|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=How does the EU work|work=|publisher=[[Europa (web portal)]]|date=|url=http://europa.eu/abc/12lessons/lesson_4/index_en.htm|format=|doi=|accessdate=2007-07-12}}</ref> Sistem rotasi ieu teras diganti ti 2009 [[Herman van Rompuy]] diistrénan minangka [[Présidén Déwan Éropa|Présidén]] Déwan Éropa,<ref>{{cite web | last = Charlemagne | title = What the EU's new leaders tell us about Europe | publisher = [[The Economist]] | date = 19 November 2009 | url = http://www.economist.com/blogs/charlemagne/eu_top_jobs/ | accessdate = 19 November 2009 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119041534/http://www.economist.com/blogs/charlemagne/eu_top_jobs/ |date=19 November 2009 }}</ref> hiji pos anyar 2,5 taun sabada Pajangjian Lisbon disatujuan ku sadaya anggota Uni Éropa. == Catetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Uni Éropa]] {{organisasi-stub}} byb28bqidf6iwfc7rw0dv44q54dtcyu 0 39810 666834 652130 2024-05-03T03:06:58Z 112.215.208.102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox stasiun |image=Stasiun Padalarang Depan.jpg |caption=Stasion Padalarang ditempo ti hareup |name=Padalarang |prov=Jawa Kulon |kabupatén=Bandung Kulon |kacamatan kabupatén=Padalarang |desa=Kertamulya |alamat=Jalan Cihaliwung |kode=PDL |tinggi=+695 m |operator=[[KAI Commuter]] [[KERETA CEPAT INDONESIA CHINA]] |kodepos=40553 |class=I |nomor=1415 |dibuka=1884 |track=(KAI) 5 (KCIC) 2 Jalur, Jalur lurus ka Halim jeung Tegalluar teu dibere nomor. |platform=(KAI) 4 (KCIC) 2 |persinyalan=Éléktrik |musala=Aya |parking=Aya |letak=km 140+472 lintas [[Stasion Bogor|Bogor]]–[[Stasion Bandung|Bandung]]–<br>[[Stasion Banjar|Banjar]]–[[Stasion Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]]–[[Stasion Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]<br>km 174+850 lintas [[Stasion Jakarta Kota|Jakarta]]–[[Stasion Cikampék|Cikampék]]–[[Stasion Purwakarta|Purwakarta]]–<br>[[Stasion Padalarang|Padalarang]] |line=[[Commuter Line Bandung Raya]] [[Commuter Line Garut]] [[Feeder Kereta Cepat]] [[Karéta Whoosh]] }} [[File:Stasiun Padalarang.jpg|thumb|Tulisan stasion Padalarang|kiri]] '''Stasion Padalarang''' (Kodeu: '''PDL''') nyaéta hiji [[stasion karéta]] anu perenahna di Jalan Cihaliwung [[Kertamulya, Padalarang, Bandung Kulon]]. Stasion nu aya di tingkat kaluhuran +695 mdbs ieu aya di [[Daérah Operasi II Bandung]]. Stasion ieu mangrupa stasion panggedéna di [[Kabupatén Bandung Kulon]], Sarto Komplek stasion [[Kereta Whoosh]] ti ('''KERETA CEPAT INDONESIA CHINA)''' Stasion ieu kahubung jeung [[jalur karéta api Manggarai-Padalarang]] anu petak Padalarang-Cianjur na kiwari teu aktip. == Karéta api == * [[Karéta api lokal Cibatu|Lokal Cibatu]] jurusan [[Stasion Cibatu|Cibatu]] jeung [[Stasion Purwakarta|Purwakarta]] * [[Karéta api lokal Bandung Raya|Lokal Bandung Raya]] jurusan [[Stasion Cicaléngka|Cicaléngka]] == Galéri == <gallery> File:Stasiun Padalarang Dalam.png|Émplasemén stasion Padalarang. Katempo KA Lokal Bandung Raya di kénca rék perewis jeung KA Argo Parahyangan ti kajauhan </gallery> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == {{id}} [https://www.kereta-api.co.id Situs resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207010112/https://www.kereta-api.co.id/ |date=2016-12-07 }} {{stasiun|-|Jalur karéta api Padalarang-Kasugihan|Stasion Gadobangkong}} {{stasiun|Stasion Cilamé|Jalur karéta api Cikampék-Padalarang|-}} {{stasiun|Stasion Tagogapu|Jalur karéta api Manggarai-Padalarang|-}} {{stasiun kereta api di Indonesia}} {{Jalur karéta api Manggarai-Padalarang|Padalarang}} {{Jalur karéta api Padalarang-Kasugihan|Padalarang}} {{stasiun-stub}} {{coord|-6.8429246|107.4973154|display=title}} [[Kategori:Stasion karéta di Jawa Kulon|Padalarang]] [[Kategori:Padalarang, Bandung Kulon]] o7uk4jkcgbjw5oasabjndqb2fxvekfr 0 72802 666825 535072 2024-05-02T13:41:02Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gayam''' (''Inocarpus fagiferus'') téh nyaéta ngaran salah sahiji [[tangkal]] atawa [[kai]] gedé di [[leuweung]] kalawan [[buah]]na sok diala jeung didahar. Ieu tangkal sok aya ogé nu nyebut ''Kigayam (Kai gayam)'', ''Gatep'' ([[Bali]] jeung [[Lombok]]), ''tahitian chestnut'' ([[basa]] [[Inggris]]). Gayam kaasup kana wanda tutuwuhan polong-polongan (''Fabaceae'') anu jangkungna bisa nepi kana 20 [[méter]] kalayan [[diaméter]]<nowiki/>na 4 nepi ka 6 méter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mekarsari.com/web/agro/gayam/|title=Gayam {{!}} Mekarsari Taman Buah|website=mekarsari.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-15}}</ref> == Mangpaat buah == [[Gambar:Gayam.JPG|jmpl|250x250px|Tangkal Gayam Buahan.]] Buah gayam téh loba pisan mangpaatna anu bakal diunggelkeun ieu di handap.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.khasiat.co.id/buah/gayam.html|title=15 Manfaat dan Khasiat Buah Gayam untuk Kesehatan|date=2016-12-26|newspaper=Khasiat|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-15}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219154105/http://www.khasiat.co.id/buah/gayam.html |date=2017-12-19 }}</ref> * Ngaronjatkeun daya tahan [[awak]]. * Meresihan kokotor dina [[usus]]. * Mantuan awak nyerep [[nutrisi]] [[kadaharan]]. * [[Obat]] [[diaré]]. * Anti oksidan. * Ngalancarkeun pencernaan. * Ngajaga tina panyakit [[barusuh]]. * Sumber [[vitamin C]]. * Ngajaga stamina atawa kakuatan awak. == Galéri == <gallery mode="packed"> Gambar:Gayam mentah.jpg|Buah Gayam Gambar:Hintalu Karuang.jpg|Olahan Buah Gayam Gambar:Gayamrebus Pj 1483084757758.jpg|Seupan Buah Gayam </gallery> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] bf4sh4gh6gg0cm5sf2lprgm6mqjxon6 0 72964 666833 665105 2024-05-03T01:19:06Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Maja | image = Bael (Aegle marmelos) fruit at Narendrapur W IMG 4099.jpg | image_caption = Buah maja | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]] | subclassis = [[Rosidae]] | ordo = [[Sapindales]] | familia = [[Rutaceae]] | genus = '''''Aegle''''' | species = '''''A. marmelos''''' | binomial = ''Aegle marmelos'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) Corr. }} '''Maja''' (''[[Aegle marmelos]]'' ''(L.) [[Correa]]'' nyaéta [[tutuwuhan]] bentukna tangkah anu tahan di lingkungan anu keras tapi daunna gancang maruragan sarta asalna ti daérah Asia [[Tropika]] jeung [[Subtropika]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2017-11-28|title=Maja|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maja&oldid=13377380|language=id}}</ref> Tutuwuhan ieu biasana di pelak di pakarangan imah sarta teu kudu maké ''perawatan'' husus.<ref name=":0" /> Maja masih kénéh sadulur jeung kawista.<ref name=":0" /> Di Bali kawentar ngaranna téh ''[[bila]]''.<ref name=":0" /> Di Pulo Jawa, maja sering patukeur jeung [[berenuk]] padahal duanana nyaéta dua tutuwuhan anu béda.<ref name=":0" /> Berebuk spésiés ''crescentia alata'' bentukna sarua jeung ''crescentia cujete'' ngan ukuran buahna nu leutik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://intisari.grid.id/Unique/Others/Buah-Maja-Rasanya-Ternyata-Tidak-Sepahit-Akhir-Kisah-Majapahit|title=Buah Maja, Rasanya Ternyata Tidak Sepahit Akhir Kisah Majapahit|website=Intisari Online|accessdate=2018-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207033021/http://intisari.grid.id/Unique/Others/Buah-Maja-Rasanya-Ternyata-Tidak-Sepahit-Akhir-Kisah-Majapahit |date=2018-02-07 }}</ref> Berenuk jeung maja paling babari dibédakeun tina kembangna, kembang berenuk mah rada kuncup sedengkeun maja mah mekar.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://abidaryati.tumblr.com/post/108814231696/buah-maja-buah-berenuk|title=Buah Maja Buah Berenuk|website=abidaryati|language=en|accessdate=2018-02-11}}</ref> Tina tangkalna, berenuk mah pendék jeung nguyupuk, maja mah gedé jeung jangkung.<ref name=":6" /> Buah maja kawentar ngaran ''bael, stone apple, bili, wood apple, bengal quince'', atawa ''golden apple'' mangrupa spesiés tangkal bungbuahan anu asalna ti India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://bibitbunga.com/tanaman-buah-maja-bael-fruit/|title=Tanaman Buah Maja (Bael Fruit) - BibitBunga.com|date=2016-03-22|newspaper=BibitBunga|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-11}}</ref> Tangkal maja dianggap sakral ku umat Hindu<ref name=":1" /> Maja hiji-hijina spesiés dina ''genus'' ''aegle.''<ref name=":1" /> Tutuwuhan ieu téh bisa tetep jadi dina kaayaan lingkungan anu karas, upamana waé dina suhu anu kaleuleuwihi; contona usum halodo nepi ka -7°C dina usum tiris di [[Punjabi]] (India), dina dataran luhur nepi ka +1.200m.<ref name=":0" /> Di Asia Tenggara, maja ukur bisa kembangan jeung buahan kalawan hadé dina usum garing, jeung teu kapanggih dina ''elevasi'' luhureun 500m.<ref name=":0" /> maja mampuh nyaluyukeun dina lahan anu ngandung rawa, taneuh garing, jeung taneuh nu rada biasa (''[[salin]]'').<ref name=":0" /> Warna kulit luar buah maja [[héjo]] tapi eusina konéng atawa oranyeu.<ref name=":0" /> Bauna seungit jeung cairanna amis, papalingpang jeung anggapan jalma yén rasa buah maja téh pait.<ref name=":0" /> Sakumaha umumna [[jeruk]], bah maja bisa diolah jadi [[Serbat|''serba''t]], [[selé]], [[sirop]], atawa ''[[nektar]]'', kulitna bisa dijieun ''[[marmalade]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Klasifikasi Maja == Di handap ieu [[klasifikasi]] maja nyaéta: * ''Kingdom: [[Plantae]]'' * ''Subkingdom: [[Tracheobionta]]'' * ''Superdivisi: [[Spermatophyta]]'' * ''Divisi: [[Magnoliophyta]]'' * ''Kelas: [[Magnoliopsida]]'' * ''Subkelas: [[Rosidae]]'' * ''Ordo: [[Sapindales]]'' * ''Famili: [[Rutaceae]]'' * ''Genus: [[Aegle]]'' * ''Spesies: [[Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/|title=Etheses of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University|website=etheses.uin-malang.ac.id|accessdate=2018-02-11}}</ref> == Anatomi jeung Morpologi Maja == Maja ngabogaan daun nu gampang murag, ukuran daunna leutik nepi ka sedeng, jangkung tangkalna 10-15 m.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=http://www.biologionline.info/2014/07/klasifikasi-maja-aegle-marmelos.html|title=Biologi Online: klasifikasi Maja (Aegle marmelos)|newspaper=Biologi Online|access-date=2018-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203231510/http://www.biologionline.info/2014/07/klasifikasi-maja-aegle-marmelos.html |date=2018-02-03 }}</ref> [[Dahan]] anu kolot teu cucukan, tapi cabang jeung rang-rangna cucukan aya nu tunggal aya nu sapasang, panjangna kira-kira 1-2 cm.<ref name=":7" /> Daun tunggal selang-seling, nganak tilu daun, gagang daun 2-4 cm, gagang anak daun nu sisi 3 m, gagang daun nu tengah 15 mm, lembar anak daun gigir rada buleud ukuran 7 cm x 4,2 cm, lembar daun tengah bunder endog sungsang ukuran 7,5 x 4,8 cm, kelenjarna lemes jeung padet.<ref name=":7" /> Kembangna runtuyan renung dina kélék daun, panjangna 4-5 cm, kalokopna rérégéan lébar panjang 1,5 cm, daun mahkota ngabuleud endog sungsang, 14 mm x 8 mm, kahéjo-héjoan jeung bodas, gagang putikna pendék pisan.<ref name=":7" /> Buahna buleud diaméter 5-12,5 cm, kalayan kulit kaian jeung teuas (batokan), ngawengku 8-16 (20) ségmén, 6-10 siki dina daging cair kentel jeung léngkét.<ref name=":7" /> Buah maja ngabogaan rasa anu amis, seungit, jeung seukeut dina tikoro.<ref name=":7" /> == Mangpaat Maja == Mangpaat tutuwuhan maja pikeun kaséhatan awak kacida lobana.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.khasiat.co.id/buah/maja.html|title=10 Manfaat dan Khasiat Buah Maja untuk Kesehatan|date=2016-12-18|newspaper=Khasiat|language=id-ID|access-date=2018-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305080630/http://www.khasiat.co.id/buah/maja.html |date=2018-03-05 }}</ref> Kandungan dina buah maja kacida lobana, di antarana vitamin C, ''[[thiamin]], [[karoten]], [[niasin]], [[protein]], [[karbohidrat]], [[lemak]], [[kumarin]], [[marmelosina]], [[steroid]], [[alkkaloida]]'' jeung minyak.<ref name=":2" /> Anapon mangpaat jeung hasiatna nyaéta: 1. Ubar Muncrut Buah Maja ngandung haramay (serat) anu luhur, ku kituna buah ieu épéktip pikeun ngeureunkeun muncrut ku cara di dahar langsung atawa di inum dijieun jus.<ref name=":2" /> 2. Ubar Lambung Saupama lambung karasa eungap, bisa diungkulan ku cara ninyuh [[akar]] maja maké sagelas cai haneut. <ref name=":2" /> 3. Ubar Tatu Tutuwuhan ieu ngabogaan sipat antibiotik, cocok pisan pikeun ngungkulan inpéksi dina tatu.<ref name=":2" /> Carana akar atawa daun maja digerus nepi ka lembut, terus dibalurkeun kana tatu sangkan teu inpéksi.<ref name=":2" /> 4. Ubar Ratug Jantung Upama jantung urang ngarasa ratug, anu teu dibalukarkeun ku kareuwas atawa kaayaan haté hartina urang keur ngalaman kasakit anu serieus, sarta kudu buru-buru diubaran.<ref name=":2" /> Carana nginum cai godogan akar maja.<ref name=":2" /> 5. Ubar Arateul Buah maja miboga hasiat pikeun ubar arateul, carana ku cara ngadahar buahna, atawa ngaréndos daunna dicampr ku daun seureuh, jeung apu, tuluy dibalurkeun kana kulit anu arateul.<ref name=":2" /> 6. Ubar Hésé Miceun Cara ngungkulan ieu panyakit nyaéta ku cara ngadahar buah maja sacara rutin unggal poé.<ref name=":2" /> 7. Nurunkeun Panas Carana nyaéta ninyuh akar maja maké sagelas cai panas, tiiskeun tuluy diinum.<ref name=":2" /> 8. Ngalemeskeun Kulit Buah maja ngandung vitamin C anu dipercaya ngabogaan peran pikeun ngawangun kolagén, anu pungsina pikeun ngajaga élastisitas kulit, sangkan kulit tetep lemes, cahayaan sarta ngajaga kulit tina sinar panon poé. 10. Ubar Gula (Diabetes) Daun maja alus pikeun nurunkeun kadar gula anu aya dina getih, carana daun maja digodog sarta cai godoganna dinum sacara rutin dua kali dina sapoé. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://manfaat.co.id/manfaat-buah-maja|title=15 Manfaat Buah Majapahit untuk Manusia - Manfaat.co.id|date=2017-05-21|newspaper=Manfaat.co.id|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-11}}</ref> 11. Ubar Dipacaok Oray Ubar dipacok oray sangkan racunna teu nyaliara nyaéta ku daun, akar jeung rang-rang maja.<ref name=":3" /> 12. Pikeun Seuseungitan Kulit buah maja miboga sipat nu seungit, ku kituna cocok pikeun dijad ikeun seuseungitan alami.<ref name=":3" /> 13. Ubar Anémia Carana buah maja anu geus garing dicampurkeun jeung susu sapi, tuluy diinum.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://www.jamuin.com/2017/10/cara-mengolah-buah-maja-resep-daun-dan.html|title=Cara Mengolah Buah Maja, Resep Daun Dan Khasiatnya|last=Jamuin|newspaper=Jamuin|access-date=2018-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221154553/http://www.jamuin.com/2017/10/cara-mengolah-buah-maja-resep-daun-dan.html |date=2018-02-21 }}</ref> 14. Ubar Sangkan Konséntrasi Carana nyaéta buah maja nu geus asak dicampur jeung mantéga sarta gula, tuluy didahar unggal poé.<ref name=":4" /> == Gemuk Organik tina Buah Maja == Maja ngandung kandungan [[nitrogén]] anu luhur, sarta ngandung zat tumbuh anu hadé pikeun tutuwuhan.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.mongabay.co.id/2016/01/24/ternyata-buah-maja-bisa-jadi-pupuk-organik-begini-caranya/|title=Ternyata Buah Maja Bisa jadi Pupuk Organik, Begini Caranya…|date=2016-01-24|newspaper=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-11}}</ref> Pikeun nyieun gemuk [[organik]] butuh ''[[Mikroorganisme]] Lokal (MOL)'' salaku starter, gunana pikeun nguréy bahan [[organik]] jadi unsur [[hara]] anu dibutuhkeun ku tutuwuhan, nya buah maja pisan anu bisa dijieun MOL téh.<ref name=":5" /> Nyieun MOL tina maja, cara anu kahiji nyaéta néangan buah maja anu geus kolot atawa asak, kalayan ciri-ciri lamun dicekel batokna karasa teuas, warna kulitna héjo caang.<ref name=":5" /> Kandungan gula di jerona bakal mantuan kana prosés perméntasi.<ref name=":5" /> Saterusna maja dibeulah jadi dua, cokot dagingna tuluy diancurkeun bisa ku séndok, leungeun atawa maké blénder.<ref name=":5" /> Sanggeus lemes, asupkeun kana botol kurut ukuran 600 ml, tuluy eusian ku cibéas kira-kira 400 ml, botol ulah nepi ka pinuh, sésakeun kira-kira saparapatna.<ref name=":5" /> Ku lantaran [[perméntasi]] ngandung [[gas]], ku kituna unggal botol kudu dibuka sakeudeung pikeun ngaluarkeun gas, tuluy ditutupan deui, prosés éta dibalikan deui nepi ka éta campuran umurna 10-14 poé, sarta geus bisa digunakeun.<ref name=":5" /> Cai campuran éta bisa dicéborkeun atawa maké ''[[sprayer]]'' sarta teu maké [[dosis]] anu netep, contona 250 ml MOL bisa pikeun 5 liter cai.<ref name=":5" /> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]] a2lv6q6cq9iw99qsyxhg75yju8yi0tr 0 72989 666829 626308 2024-05-02T17:25:45Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeruk Keprok''' nyaéta jeruk anu tumuwuh di wewengkon tropis jeung subtropis.{{Fact}} Tangkalna leuwih leutik tibatan tangkal jeruk dina umumna, Kaasup jana wanda tutuwuhan anu miboga buah tapi euweuh sikian.{{Fact}} [[Gambar:Mandarins - whole and halved.jpg|jmpl]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Klasifikasi ilmiah |- |Kingdom: |Plantae<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2017-03-05|title=Jeruk keprok|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeruk_keprok&oldid=12601954|language=id}}</ref> |- |(tidak termasuk): |Angiospermae<ref name=":0" /> |- |(tidak termasuk): |Eudikotil<ref name=":0" /> |- |(tidak termasuk): |Rosidae<ref name=":0" /> |- |Ordo: |Sapindales<ref name=":0" /> |- |Famili: |Rutaceae<ref name=":0" /> |- |Genus: |''Citrus''<ref name=":0" /> |- |Spesies: |''C. reticulata''<ref name=":0" /> |- ! colspan="2" |Nama binomial |- | colspan="2" |'''''Citrus reticulata Blanco''''' |} ====== Mangpaat ====== # Ubar kanker<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.khasiat.co.id/buah/jeruk-keprok.html|title=21 Manfaat dan Khasiat Buah Jeruk Keprok untuk Kesehatan - Khasiat|date=2016-12-16|newspaper=Khasiat|language=id-ID|access-date=2018-02-14}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313081648/http://www.khasiat.co.id/buah/jeruk-keprok.html |date=2018-03-13 }}</ref> # Kasehatan pikeun kulit<ref name=":1" /> # [[Antioksidan]]<ref name=":1" /> # Ubar [[rematik]]<ref name=":1" /> # Ubar [[asam urat]]<ref name=":1" /> # Ubar [[demam]]<ref name=":1" /> # Ubar [[sariawan]]<ref name=":1" /> # Ubar pikeun [[limpa]]<ref name=":1" /> # Ubar [[mastitis]]<ref name=":1" /> # Ubar [[bronkhitis]]<ref name=":1" /> # Ubar [[batuk]]<ref name=":1" /> ====== Rujukan ====== [https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruk_keprok] [https://www.khasiat.co.id/buah/jeruk-keprok.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313081648/http://www.khasiat.co.id/buah/jeruk-keprok.html |date=2018-03-13 }}[http://bibitbunga.com/blog/cara-budidaya-jeruk-keprok/] t6b19h2bmkqw320fqs7hcdgce8rcdzo 0 73007 666830 660816 2024-05-02T21:19:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kod Atlantik''' nyaéta salasahiji jenis lauk anu ka asup genus Gadus anu hirupna di lautan samudera<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.semuaikan.com/morfologi-dan-klasifikasi-ikan-kod-atlantik-gadus-morhua/|title=Morfologi dan Klasifikasi Ikan Kod Atlantik (Gadus Morhua)|date=2016-12-15|newspaper=Semuaikan.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-16}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217095738/http://www.semuaikan.com/morfologi-dan-klasifikasi-ikan-kod-atlantik-gadus-morhua/ |date=2018-02-17 }}</ref>. Kod Atlantik bisa ngahasilkeun rébuan endog<ref name=":0" />. Kod Atlantik miboga 189 kalori di jerona anu ka asup 8% [[lemak]], [[karbohidrat]] jeung 92% [[protéin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fatsecret.co.id/kalori-gizi/umum/ikan-kod-atlantik|title=Kalori dalam Ikan Kod Atlantik dan Fakta Gizi|website=www.fatsecret.co.id|accessdate=2018-02-16}}</ref>. Ku kituna, ieu lauk miboga minyak ati anu réa, sabab miboga [[protéin]] anu réa ogé<ref name=":0" />. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="2" |KLASIFIKASI<ref name=":0" /> |- !Kingdom !Animalia |- |Filum |Chordata |- |Kelas |Actinopterygii |- |Ordo |Gadiformes |- |Famili |Gardidae |} == Mangpaat == * Ngurangan nyeri nalika radang<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.khasiat.co.id/ikan/kod-atlantik.html|title=15 Manfaat dan Khasiat Ikan Kod Atlantik untuk Kesehatan|date=2017-01-28|newspaper=Khasiat|language=id-ID|access-date=2018-02-16}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305181944/http://www.khasiat.co.id/ikan/kod-atlantik.html |date=2018-03-05 }}</ref> * Ngamalirkeun getih<ref name=":1" /> * Sangkan kahindar tina panyakit kanker<ref name=":1" /> * Cocog pikeun anu keur diet<ref name=":1" /> * Ngaleungitkeun lemak<ref name=":1" /> == Rujukan == 9fjxbu5k9lir6cb8ncfcofrm7cddzjf 2 98112 666821 612678 2024-05-02T12:40:03Z Ady Cahya Kusuma 22711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pamaké |nama=Ady Cahya Kusuma |ttd=[[Pamaké:Ady Cahya Kusuma|Ady Cahya Kusuma]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ady Cahya Kusuma]]) |nama lahir= |tanggal lahir=[[19 Juni]] |tempat lahir=[[Bandung]] |zona=[[UTC+7]] |lokasi=[[Bandung]] |negara=[[Indonésia]] |pekerjaan=Pelajar |pendidikan=SLTA |SMA=[[SMA Negeri 1 Cisarua]] |darah=B |agama=[[Islam]] |surel= |interests=<center>[[Sains]]</center> |userboxes= <center>'''Basa''' {{user id}}</center> }}'''Surya Ikhwan Firdaus''' (gumelar di Bandung, 19 Juni 2003), atanapi '''Ady Cahya Kusuma''', mangrupi salah sahiji pamaké di Wikipedia Basa Sunda. Anjeunna ngagaduhan minat dina bidang ''jurnalistik''. Anjeunna ngagaduhan oge hobi dina ''[[fotografi]]''. Panganggo ieu resep pisan kana musik, fotografi oge nulis. Anjeunna nyaeta salah sahiji siswa SMAN 1 Cisarua Kab. Bandung Barat.{{Pamilon WMS Sunda | di=SMAN 1 Cisarua}} [[File:Su_wan19.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Surya Ikhwan Firdaus]] [[Kategori:User id-N]] [[Kategori:User su]] [[Kategori:User en]] 3z426tfsd7njr3226wia7vlizajnhxp 666823 666821 2024-05-02T12:42:07Z Ady Cahya Kusuma 22711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pamaké |nama=Ady Cahya Kusuma |ttd=[[Pamaké:Ady Cahya Kusuma|Ady Cahya Kusuma]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ady Cahya Kusuma]]) |nama lahir= |tanggal lahir=[[19 Juni]] |tempat lahir=[[Bandung]] |zona=[[UTC+7]] |lokasi=[[Bandung]] |negara=[[Indonésia]] |pekerjaan=Pelajar |pendidikan=SLTA |SMA=[[SMA Negeri 1 Cisarua]] |darah=B |agama=[[Islam]] |surel= |interests=<center>[[Sains]]</center> |userboxes= <center>'''Basa''' {{user id}}</center> }}'''Ady Cahya Kusum''' (gumelar di Bandung, 19 Juni), mangrupi salah sahiji pamaké di Wikipedia Basa Sunda. Anjeunna ngagaduhan minat dina bidang ''jurnalistik''. Anjeunna ngagaduhan oge hobi dina ''[[fotografi]]''. Panganggo ieu resep pisan kana musik, fotografi oge nulis. Anjeunna nyaeta salah sahiji siswa SMAN 1 Cisarua Kab. Bandung Barat.{{Pamilon WMS Sunda | di=SMAN 1 Cisarua}} [[File:Su_wan19.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Surya Ikhwan Firdaus]] [[Kategori:User id-N]] [[Kategori:User su]] [[Kategori:User en]] 1hzw7g9v92uq1owsfqm4s2v64ftgi88 0 98430 666824 626896 2024-05-02T12:45:53Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Éma Poeradireja''' (Cilimus, [[Kuningan]], 13 Ag 1902-[[Bandung]], 14 Apr 1976) nyaéta tokoh politik istri Tatar Sunda. Pendiri [https://kowani.or.id/pasundan-istri/ Pasundan Istri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030222446/http://kowani.or.id/pasundan-istri/ |date=2019-10-30 }} (PASI), jeung istri mimiti di Jawa Barat anu jadi anggota Dewan Kotapraja (''Gemeenteraad''). Putra R.K.s PURADIREJA, guru bahasa Sunda anu pernah jadi redaktur kepala di [[Balai Pustaka]], Jakarta. Pas masih kénéh jadi pelajar [[:id:Meer_Uitgebreid_Lager_Onderwijs|MULO]], manéhna asup organisasi [[Jong Java]] (1918) <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|edition=Cet. 1|title=Ensiklopedi Sunda : alam, manusia, dan budaya, termasuk budaya Cirebon dan Betawi|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45463431|publisher=Pustaka Jaya|date=2000|location=[Jakarta]|isbn=979-419-259-7|oclc=45463431|last=Rosidi, Ajip, 1938-|last2=Pustaka Jaya (Firm)}}</ref>. == Lalampahan Karir == Saenggés tamat (1921), langsung gawe di Jawatan [[Kereta Api Indonesia|Kereta Api]], jeung jabatan tungtungna jadi Kepala Bagian Perburuhan & Sosial. Sabab minatna condong ka politik, manéhna asup ka organisasi [[Jong Islamieten Bond]] cabang [[Bandung]] anu dianggapna lebih progresif (1925). Manéhna aktif ngiluan Kongres Pemuda I (1926) jeung II (1928) di [[Jakarta]]. Pas tahun 1925-1940, jadi pemimpin Pandu Puteri mulsi di Natipij terud di [[:id:Ikatan_Pandu_Indonesia|Pandu Indonesia]]. Pas tahun 1927 ngadirikeun Perserikatan Perempuan, anu bertujuan keur ngapupuk kapamimpinan awewe (dameskring) anu naggota-anggotana terdiri ti rupa-rupa suku bangsa, nyaéta cetusan hate para gadis di Bandung saatos Kongres Pemuda I. Sabab organisasi Perserikatan Perempuan eta, maenhna di ondang keur ngiluan Kongres Perempuan mimiti di Yogyakarta (Desember 1928). Pas tahun 1930 jadi Ketua Pasundan Isntri (PASI), anu awalna bagian ti biro wanita PAGUYUBAN PASUNDAN. Manéhna ngiluan ogé Kongres Perempuan II (1935) di jakarta, jeung pas kongres anu ka III (1938) di bandung, jadi ketua kongres. Salasa hiji kongres éta ditetapkeunna kaping 22 Desember jadi Hari Ibu. Pas tahun 1949 (dugi bulan Mei) manéhna ditawan ku Belanda di Yogyakarta. Pas bulan Agustus 1949 ngiluan Permusyawaratan Wanita Seluruh Tanah Air di Yogyakarta, jadi utusan ti Perkiwa (PASI), jeung pas bulan September 1949 ngayakeun jeung mimpin Konperensi ti kabeh organisasi anu aya di Jawa Barat, keur ngateruskeun bewara hasil permusyawaratan wanita di [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]. Pas tahun 1952 manéhna ngiluan Seminar of Woman in South East Asia di India ngawakilan [[Kongres Wanita Indonesia (KOWANI).]] Salila mimpin PASI (1930-1970), loba usaha-usahana keur ngawujudkeun kamajuan bangsa di antarana ngadirikeun Koperasi Wanita di Jawa Barat, Sakola-sakola "Atikan Murangkalih Istri", Badan Penolong Pengangguran Kaum Ibu (BPPKI), Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat (YPAC), Woman International Club (WIC) di Bandung, Badan Kontak Organisasi-organisasi Wanita (BKOW) Jawa Barat, jeung ngadirikeun imah-imah Jompo jeung Panti Asuhan Yatim Piatu. Manéhna ogé pernah jadi anggota KNIP, DPR, MPR, jeung DPA, jeung pernah ogé jadi anggota Dewan Penyantun ITB jeung IKIP, jeung sala saorang pendiri Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD). Ku pemerintah dipasihan piagam Bintang Maha Putra Utama Kelas VI<ref name=":0" />. == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Politikus]] [[Kategori:Tokoh]] [[Kategori:Inohong]] 2kxn4y2eizhbxbkohe21c3uzvwkszzn 0 99394 666835 660773 2024-05-03T03:27:05Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info Jalma|name=Muhammad Ali|image=Muhammad Ali NYWTS.jpg{{!}}border|caption=Ali in 1967|birth_name=Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.|birth_date={{birth date|1942|1|17}}|birth_place=[[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.|death_date={{death date and age|2016|6|3|1942|1|17}}|death_place=[[Scottsdale, Arizona]], U.S.|resting_place=[[Cave Hill Cemetery]], Louisville, Kentucky|education=[[Central High School (Louisville, Kentucky)|Central High School]] (1958)|spouse={{unbulleted list | {{marriage|Sonji Roi|1964|1966|end=div.}} | {{marriage|[[Khalilah Ali|Belinda Boyd]]|1967|1977|end=div.}} | {{marriage|[[Veronica Porché Ali]]|1977|1986|end=div.}} | {{marriage|Yolanda Williams<br />|1986<!--Omission per template instructions-->}} }}|partner=|children=9, including [[Laila Ali]]|parents={{plainlist| * [[Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr.]] * [[Odessa Grady Clay]] }}|relatives=[[Rahman Ali]] (brother)|website={{URL|http://muhammadali.com/}}}} '''Muhammad Ali''' ({{IPAc-en|ɑː|ˈ|l|iː}};<ref>Wells, John C. (2008). "Ali". Kamus Prononsiasi Longman (ed. ka-3). Longman. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0</nowiki>. manten tukang boksen Muhammad Ali dilapalkeun ɑːˈliː</ref> lahir '''Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.''';<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/boxing/2016/07/11/muhammad-ali-name-change-cassius-clay/86956544/|title=Why Muhammad Ali never legally changed name from Cassius Clay|last=Peter|first=Josh|website=|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=12 Juli 2016}}</ref> 17 Januari 1942 – 3 Juni 2016) nyaéta tukang tinju profésional Amérika, aktivis sarta darmawan. Nelah ku "''The Greatest'' (pangagungna)" sacara lega dianggap minangka salah sahiji figur olahraga nu paling penting jeung pangdipujana dina abad 20, sarta salah sahiji tukang tinju pangpunjulna sapanjang mangsa. Ali lahir jeung digedékeun di [[Louisville]], [[Kentucky]], sarta mimiti latihan minangka tukang tinju dina umur 12 taun. Dina umur 18 taun manéhna meunangkeun madali emas kelas beurat énténg dina [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 1960]] sarta tuluy jadi pamaén profésional dina taun éta. Manéhna asup Islam dina taun 1961 sarta ganti ngaran jadi Muhammad Ali. Manéhna meunangkeun juara kelas beurat nu teu disangka-sangka ti [[Sonny Liston]] dina umur 22 taun di taun 1964, Taun 1966, Ali nolak pikeun daptar kana wajib militer, alesanna alatan kayakinan agamana sarta teu satuju kana [[Perang Viétnam]].<ref name="HauserThomas" />''<ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Randy (1991). Winning is the Only Thing: Sports in America Since 1945. Johns Hopkins University Press. kk. 171–172.</ref>'' Manéhna tuluy ditahan, dinyatakeun salah alatan nolak ''draft'' wamil, sarta gelar juarana dicabut. Ali naék banding ka Pangadilan Tinggi nu ngabatalkeun putusanna di taun 1971. Najan kitu Ali geus teu tarung salila ampir opat taun sarta keleungitan mangsa puncakna minangka atlét. Aksina salaku hiji jalma nu nuranina kabeuratan kana perang tadi, ngajadikeun dirina hiji ikon pikeun génerasi budaya perlawanan nu leuwih gedé,''<ref>Hallett, Alison. "[http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/not-so-fast/Content?oid=10883366 Not So Fast]". Portland Mercury. Diaksés 27 Désémber 2013.</ref><ref name="nytimes1">Rhoden, William C. (20 Juni, 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/sports/in-alis-voice-from-the-past-a-stand-for-the-ages.html "In Ali's Voice From the Past, a Stand for the Ages"]. The New York Times.</ref>'' sarta dirina mangrupa tokoh ''high-profile'' kabanggaan rasial pikeun urang Amérika Afrika dina wanci pagerakan hak-hak sipil.<ref name="HauserThomas"/><ref name="hollowverse">{{Cite web|url=http://hollowverse.com/muhammad-ali/|title=The religion and politics of Muhammad Ali|last=|first=|website=Hollowverse|publisher=MK Safi|accessdate=4 Juni 2016|ref=hollowverse}}</ref> Minangka saurang Muslim, Ali ngagabung ka ''Nation of Islam'' (NOI) [[Elijah Muhammad]]. Dirina tuluy teu ngadukung deui NOI, nyepeng ajaran Islam [[Sunni]] sarta ngadukung integrasi rasial kawas manten méntorna, [[Malcolm X]]. Ali mangrupa hiji tukang tinju pinunjul dina abad 20, sarta masih kénéh hiji-hijina juara linéal dina divisi éta. Rekor gabunganna ngéléhkeun 21 tukang tinju pikeun gelar kelas beurat dunia jeung meunang 14 kali pikeun gelar gabungan nanjeur salila 35 taun. Ali hiji-hijina patinju nu kapilih jadi [[Patarung Taun Ieu ku majalah The Ring|Patarung Taun Ieu ku majalah ''The Ring'']] genep kali. Ali diposisikeun minangka patinju pangpunjulna sapanjang mangsa,<ref>"[http://espn.go.com/sports/boxing/topics/_/page/muhammad-ali Muhammad Ali]". ''ESPN''. 20 Januari, 2012. Diaksés 20 Januari, 2012.</ref> sarta mangrupa atlét pangpunjulna di abad 20 ku ''Sports Illustrated'', Pribadi Olahragawan Taun Ieu ku BBC, sarta atlét pangpunjulna katilu ku ESPN ''SportsCentury''.<ref name="ring">{{Cite web|url=http://www.boxinginsider.com/columns/was-ali-the-greatest-heavyweight/|title=Was Ali the Greatest Heavyweight?|last=Donelson|first=Tom|publisher=Boxinginsider.com|accessdate=September 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ap">{{Cite web|url=http://static.espn.go.com/boxing/news/1999/1208/221260.html|title=AP Fighters of the Century list|accessdate=February 12, 2012}}</ref> Dirina geus aub dina sababaraha patarungan tinju jeung pacéngkadan bersajarah, nu paling kawentar ngalawan [[Joe Frazier]] dina ''Thrilla in Manila'' (Raraméan di Manila) sarta ngalawan [[George Foreman]] nu katelah ku judul ''The Rumble in the Jungle'' (Palagan di Leuweung), kawentar “dianggap kajadian olahraga panggedéna di abad 20”    <ref>Kang, Jay Caspian (4 April 2013). [http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/9123674/don-king-faces-end-career "The End and Don King"]. ''Grantland''. ESPN. Diaksés 4 April 2013.</ref><ref>McDougall, Christopher (2014). ''The Best American Sports Writing 2014''. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. k.&nbsp;149. [[Nomer Buku Standar Internasional|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Husus:BookSources/9780544147003|<bdi>9780544147003</bdi>]].</ref> sarta ditonton ku kira-kira samilyar pamiarsa ti sakuliah dunia,<ref name="usatoday">"Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later". ''USA Today''. 29 Oktober 2014.</ref><ref name="jet">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=18 Séptémber 1995|title=Mike Tyson May Fight George Foreman In Biggest Money Match: $80 Million|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46|journal=Jet|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|volume=88|issue=19|page=46|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> mangrupa siaran langsung télévisi panglobana ditongton wanci harita. Ali ogé jadi sorotan nalika loba patarung nu mikeun ka manajerna pikeun urusan biantara, Ali mah teu ngawakilkeun sarta dirina mindeng mamanas batur tur ngomong ka mana karep.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTr-p-Y4P00|title=Muhammad Ali – press conference 1974|last=|first=|website=YouTube|publisher=|accessdate=5 Nopémber 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwPPM_vaNrI|title=Muhammad Ali – Pre Liston Poetry & Highlights|last=|first=|website=|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=5 Nopémber 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6Hey54O6Qs|title=Muhammad Ali Famous Interview After Defeating Foreman|last=|first=|website=YouTube|publisher=|accessdate=5 Nopémber 2013}}</ref> Ali kawentar ku gedé omong sarta mindeng sakarepna nyarita maké wirahma jeung kecap-kecap puisi, tur geus leuwih ti heula maké élemén hip hop.<ref>Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (9 Juni 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/09/opinion/muhammad-ali-the-political-poet.html "''Muhammad Ali, the Political Poet''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref><ref name="rollingstone1">Reeves, Mosi (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/muhammad-ali-worlds-greatest-boxer-was-also-hip-hop-pioneer-20160604 "Muhammad Ali: World's Greatest Boxer Was Also Hip-Hop Pioneer"]. ''Rolling Stone.'' Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref>''<ref name="rollingstone2">Rubin, Mike (5 Juni 2016). [https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/muhammad-ali-4-ways-he-changed-america-20160605 "''Muhammad Ali: 4 Ways He Changed America''"]. ''Rolling Stone''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref>'' Di saluareun ''ring'', Ali meunangkeun kasuksésan minangka musisi, di mana manéhna nampa dua nominasi [[Grammy]].<ref name="rollingstone2" /> Manéhna ogé minton minangka aktor jeung panulis, medalkeun dua autobiografi. Ali reureuh tina tinju taun 1981 sarta suhud dina widang agama jeung amal. Taun 1984, Ali nyieun béwara yén dirina didiagnosis sindrom Parkinson, nu numutkeun béja aya patula-patalina jeung cidera balas tinju<ref name="nytimes">Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/20/sports/change-in-drug-helps-ali-improve.html?sec=health "''Change In Drug Helps Ali Improve''"]. The New York Times: kk. D–29. Diaksés pada 9 Maret 2009</ref> najan ku Ali jeung dokter pribadina dibantah.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/sports/muhammad-ali-doctor-doubts-parkinsons-1.3619442 ''AP''] "Muhammad Ali's doctor doubts boxing led to Parkinson's", ''Associated Press'' via ''CBC'', June 6. 2016. Diaksés 1 Séptémber 2018.</ref> Ali tetap jadi figur publik nu aktif sacara global, tapi ka dieunakeun ngawatesan pintonan publikna alatan kondisina nu beuki ripuh. Ali dirawat ku kulawargana. Ali maot dina tanggal 3 Juni 2016. == Kahirupan awal sarta karir amatir == Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. lahir dina tanggal 17 Januari 1942 di [[Louisville]], [[Kentucky]].''<ref name="greatath"/>'' Manéhna boga hiji dulur awéwe jeung opat dulur lalaki.<ref name="Great-grandfather emigrated from Ennis, County Clare, Ireland">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36452554 "Muhammad Ali: Boxer's ancestral Irish town pays tribute after death"]. BBC. Diaksés tanggal 4Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/boxing/1810535.stm ''"Ali has Irish ancestry"'']. BBC News. 9 Pébruari 2002. Diaksés tanggal 5 Agustus 2009.</ref>Manéhna dingaranan maké ngaran bapana, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (1912-1990), nu ngaranna sorangan dicokot dina raraga ngahargaan ka politisi Republikan abad ka-19 sarta ''abolitionist'' (anti perbudakan) nu keyeng, Cassius Marcellus Clay, nu ogé urang nagara bagian Kentucky. Aki nini Ali ti jalur bapa nyaéta John Clay jeung Sallie Anne Clay; Eva, dulur awéwé Ali, ngakukeun yén Sallie téh pituin [[Madagaskar]].<ref>Egerton, John (1 Séptémber 1991). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=O6YFLYjAgcQC&lpg=PA134&pg=PA134#v=onepage&q&f=false Shades of Gray: Dispatches from the Modern South]''. LSU Press. k. 134. ISBN <bdi>978-0807117057</bdi>. Diaksés 24 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali téh turunan budak beulian ti Kidul ''antebellum'' (jaman méméh perang sipil), sarta utamana mah turunan [[Afrika]] bari aya saeutik getih [[Irlandia]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36452554 "''Muhammad Ali: Boxer's ancestral Irish town pays tribute after death''"]. BBC. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés tanggal 4 Juni 2016.</ref> tur garis turunan [[Inggris]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/boxing/1810535.stm "''Ali has Irish ancestry''"]. BBC News. 9 Pébruari 2002. Diaksés tanggal 5 Juni 2009.</ref><ref>Rietwiesner, Williams Adams. [http://www.wargs.com/other/ali.html "''Ancestry of Muhammad Ali''"].</ref> Aki Ali ti garis indung, Abe Grady, pindahan ti Ennis, Co. Clare, Irlandia.<ref>''[https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/muhammad-ali-proud-irish-roots Irish Central]''</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36452554 BBC]</ref> Tés DNA di taun 2018, nunjukkeun yén, ngaliwatan garis nini ti bapana, Ali téh mangrupa turunan ti manten budak belian Archer Alexander, nu geus kapilih ku kru gedong ''Emancipation Memorial'' minangka modél pikeun jalma bébas sarta jadi subjék pikeun bukuna ''abolitionist'' William Greenleaf Eliot, ''Carita Archer Alexander: Tina Hamba Sahaya Jadi Merdéka''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2018/10/02/dna-evidence-links-muhammad-ali-heroic-slave-family-says/|title=DNA evidence links Muhammad Ali to heroic slave, family says|last=|first=|website=Washington Post|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 Oktober 2018|date=|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"DNA findings link Muhammad Ali to heroic slave". New York Post. Diaksés 3 Oktober 2018</ref> Siga Ali, Alexander bajoang pikeun kabébasanna.<ref>[http://www.blackpast.org/aah/alexander-archer-ca-1810-1879 Alexander, Archer (ca. 1810-1879)] at the ''Online Encyclopedia of Significant People and Places in African American History'' (BlackPast.org); by Susan J. Griffith; dipedalkeun 2011; diaksés 5 Oktober 2013.</ref> Bapana Ali téh tukang ngalukis réklame jeung billboard,<ref name="greatath"/> indungna, Odessa O'Grady Clay (1917-1994), tukang babantu di lembur. Sanajan Cassius Sr. saurang Métodis, manéhna ngijinan Odessa pikeun ngabaptis Cassius Jr. jeung adina, Rudolph "Rudi" Clay (jagana ganti ngaran jadi Rahman Ali).<ref name="Hauser 2004 p14">[[Muhammad Ali#CITEREFHauser2004|Hauser]], k.20</ref> Cassius Jr. asup ka Sakola Luhur Pusat di Louisville. Ali téh disléksia, ku kituna hésé dina diajar maca jeung nulis di sakola ogé dina kahirupanna.<ref name="Eig">{{cite book|last=Eig|first=Jonathan|title=Ali: A Life: Shortlisted for the William Hill Sports Book of the Year 2017|date=2017|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=9781471155963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzjeDQAAQBAJ|language=en|year=|location=|pages=}}</ref> Ali gedé di tengah-tengah pamilahan rasial. Indungna nyaritakeun hiji kajadian di mana Cassius teu dibéré cai di hiji toko - "Maranéhna teu méré cai, alatan warna kulitna. Hal éta mangaruhan pisan ka dirina."<ref name="HauserThomas"/> Cassius ogé kapangaruhan ku panelasan Emmett Till dina taun 1955, hingga Cassius ngora jeung babaturan ngaruksak rél karéta di lemburna alatan frustasi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hampton|first1=Henry|authorlink1=Henry Hampton|last2=Fayer|first2=Steve|last3=Flynn|first3=Sarah|date=1990|title=Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s through the 1980s|page=321|publisher=[[Bantam Books]]|isbn=978-0-553-05734-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesoffreedom00henr_0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gorn, Elliott|date=1998|title=Muhammad Ali: The People's Champ|pages=76–77|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-06721-1}}</ref> [[Gambar:Zbigniew_Pietrzykowski_and_Muhammad_Ali_1960.jpg|jmpl|1960 Olympiade: Ali meunang emas ngalawan Zbigniew Pietrzykowski.]] Ali mimiti diarahkeun kana tinju ku pulisi Louisville ogé palatih tinju, Joe E. Martin,<ref>Kandel, Elmo [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611174640/http://www.articleclick.com/Article/Boxing-Legend---Muhammad-Ali/938509 "''Boxing Legend – Muhammad Al''i"]. Article Click (Elmo Kandel). Diaksés 9 Maret, 2009</ref> nu manggihan hiji budak leutik umur 12 taun ambeuk ka hiji bangsat nu geus nyokot sapédahna. Budak éta téh Cassius Clay téa. Clay ngomong ka si pulisi yén manéhna dék ngagebugan si bangsat. Si pulisi nyarita ka Clay, yén Clay mending gé diajar tinju heula.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring05/Shaffer/clay.html|title=Muhammad Ali|last=|first=|website=University of Florida|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531151410/http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring05/Shaffer/clay.html|archive-date=31 Méi 2008|accessdate=20 Méi 2008|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531151410/http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring05/Shaffer/clay.html |date=2008-05-31 }}</ref> Awalna, Clay teu narima tawaran Martin, tapi sabada nempo tinju amateur di program tivi nu ngaranna Juara Jaga, Clay katarik kana prospék tinju.<ref>''The Soul of a Butterfly: Reflections on Life's Journey''. Simon jeung Schuster. 2013. k. 18.</ref> Manéhna mimita latihan ka palatih Fred Stoner, nu dipuji ku manéhna bakal méré "latihan enyaan", nu antukna nempakeun "jurus kuring, stamina kuring jeung sistem kuring." Dina opat taun karir amateur Clay, manéhna dilatih ku tanaga médis tinju Chuck Bodak.<ref>Fernandez, Pedro Fernandez (2 Séptémber 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150414160235/http://ringtalk.com.lhost9.atlantic.net/index.php?action=fullnews&showcomments=1&id=1553 "''<nowiki/>'GODFATHER' OF CUTMEN-CHUCK BODAK SUFFERS STROKE''"]. ''RingTalk''. Diarsipkeun ti [http://ringtalk.com.lhost9.atlantic.net/index.php?action=fullnews&showcomments=1&id=1553 nu asli] tanggal 14 April 2015. Diaksés 14 April 2015.</ref> Clay munggaran tinju amatir di taun 1954 ngalawan patinju lokal Ronnie O’Keefe. Manéhna meunang ku kaputusan nu misah.<ref>Gray, Geoffey (4 Juni 2016). "''[http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/06/how-muhammad-ali-became-a-boxer.html How Muhammad Ali Became a Boxer – Daily Intelligencer]''". ''New York''. Diaksés 26 Juni 2016.</ref> Manéhna tuluy kebat meunangkeun juara genep Asbok Emas Kentucky, dua gelar Asbok Emas nasional, gelar nasional Sarikat Atlétik Amatir sarta madali emas kelas beurat énténg dina Olimpiade Usum Panas 1960 di Roma.<ref name="Ward">Ward, Nathan (Oktober 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070111061103/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/5/2006_5_48.shtml "''A Total Eclipse of the Sonny''"]. American Heritage. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/5/2006_5_48.shtml asli] tanggal 11 Januari 2007.</ref> Rékor amatir Clay nyaéta 100 kali meunang jeung lima kali éléh. Ali nyaritakeun dina otobiographina taun 1975 yén teu lila sabada manéhna mulang ti Olimpiade Roma, manéhna ngalungkeun madali emasna ka Leuwi Ohio sanggeus manéhna jeung babaturanna teu diladangan di hiji réstoran “husus bulé” jeung garelut ngalawan geng urang bulé. Carita éta tuluy dibarantah, sarta sawatara batur Ali, kaasup Bundini Brown jeung juru potrét Howard Bingham ngilu nyangkal. Biographi Ali meunang Brown nyatakeun yén Ali mémang teu diladangan di réstoran éta, tapi Ali ngaleungitkeun madali sataun ti saprak meunangkeunna.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Ali nampa hiji madali pangganti dina hiji jéda istirahat laga baskét di [[Olimpiade 1996 Atlanta]], di mana manéhna nu ngahurungkeun oborna pikeun ngamimitian patandingan. == Tinju profésional == === Karir awal === [[Gambar:1961_Cassius_Clay_vs._Donnie_Fleeman_On-Site_Poster.jpg|jmpl| Postér pikeun tanding profésional kalima Cassius Clay ]] Clay munggaran maén tinju profésional dina tanggal 29 Oktober 1960, ku meunang angka dina tarung genep ronde ka Tunney Hunsaker. Ti saprak harita semet ka ahir 1963, Clay nyieun rékor éndah 19-0, ku 15 kali ''knockout'' (KO). Para patinju nu diéléhkeunna di antarana, Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, LaMar Clark, Doug Jones jeung Henry Cooper. Clay ogé ngéléhkeun manten palatihna nu ogé patinju véteran, Archie Moore, dina hiji laga di taun 1962.<ref>Calkins, Matt. ''[http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2014/nov/17/archie-moore-the52-boxing-heavyweight/ "Archie Moore was the KO king"]''. U-T San Diego. Diaksés 15 Juni 2016</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgDK3q6GWI8C|title=Ali in Action: The Man, the Moves, the Mouth|first=Les|last=Krantz|date=1 Januari 2008|publisher=Globe Pequot|accessdate=15 Juni 2016|via=Google Books|isbn=9781599213026|year=|location=|pages=}}</ref> Patarungan-patarungan munggaranna lain tanpa cocoba. Clay di-KO boh ku Sonny Banks ogé ku Cooper. Dina tarung ngalawan Cooper, Clay nambru ku huk kénca dina tungtung ronde kaopat sarta katulungan ku bél, tuluy meunang dina ronde kalima nu geus kajudi alatan panon Cooper tatu parna. Tarung ngalawan Doug Jones dina tanggal 13 Maret 1963 mangrupa patarungan pangbeuratna pikeun Clay dina mangsa éta. Urutan kadua jeung katilu panantang kelas beurat, Clay jeung Jones tanding di lembur Jones di [[Madison Square Garden]] [[New York]]. Jones nyieun Clay sosolontodan dina ronde kahiji. Kameunangan ku sora buleud Clay ka Jones meunang pamoyok ti para panongton sarta ka jero ring dibalédogan ku runtah. Lalajo dina TV, juara kelas beurat, [[Sonny Liston]], ngagonjak yén umpama manéhna kudu tarung jeung Clay, sarua waé jeung ngerem manéh pikeun ditelasan. Patarungan tadi tuluy nelah “Tarung Taun Ieu” ku majalah ''The Ring''.''<ref>Velin, Bob. ''[https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2016/06/04/muhammad-ali-fight-by-fight-career/85341622/ "Fight by fight: Muhammad Ali's legendary career"]''. USA Today. Diaksés 15 Juni 2016</ref>'' Dina unggal patarungan tadi, Clay sacara vokal ngaréméhkeun lawan-lawanna sarta ngagulkeun pangabisana. Manéhna nyebut Jones “jalma leutik goréng patut” sarta nyebut Cooper “jalma ripuh”. Manéhna nyarita yén ngarasa éra kudu naék ring ngalawanan Alex Miteff sarta ngakukeun yén Aréna Madison Square Garden “leutik teuing keur uing mah”.<ref name="Mee">Bob Mee, ''Ali and Liston: The Boy Who Would Be King and the Ugly Bear'', 2011.</ref> Kalakuan propokatif jeung mahiwalna di jero ring kailhaman ku pagulat profésional “Gorgeuos George” Wagner.<ref name="SI">Capouya, John (12 Désémber 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603232105/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114630/index.htm "''King Strut''"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114630/index.htm asli] tanggal 3 Juni 2011. Diaksés 14 Maret 2017.</ref> Ali nyatakeun dina hiji wawancara jeung Hubert Mizel ti the ''Associated Press'' yén manéhna tepung jeung Gorgeous George di Las Vegas di taun 1961 sarta pagulat éta téh ngailhaman manéhna pikeun ngagunakeun jargon gulat nalika diwawancara.<ref>Burkholder, Denny (6 Juni 2016). [http://www.cbssports.com/general/news/how-muhammad-alis-fascination-with-pro-wrestling-fueled-his-career-inspired-mma/ "''How Muhammad Ali's fascination with pro wrestling fueled his career, inspired MMA''"]. CBS Sports. Diaksés 2 Oktober 2016.</ref> Taun 1960, Clay ninggalkeun sasana Moore, sawatara alesanna alatan Clay embung kudu migawé pancén rutin kayaning ngumbah piring jeung sasapu. Pikeun ngagantikeun Moore, Clay nyéwa Angelo Dundee minangka palatihna. Clay panggih jeung Dundee di bulan Pébruari 1957 nalika keur amatir kénéh.<ref>Irusta, Carlos. [http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/7470417/muhammad-ali-was-continues-greatest "''Dundee: Ali was, still is 'The Greatest''<nowiki/>'"]. ESPN. Diaksés 17 Januari 2012.</ref> Danget harita, Clay ngincer pujaan heubeulna, Sugar Ray Robinson, pikeun jadi manajerna, tapi ditolak.<ref>Haygood, Wil (1 April 2011). ''[https://books.google.com/?id=Q_nfLUMzlM0C&pg=PA378 Sweet Thunder: The Life and Times of Sugar Ray Robinson]''. Chicago Review Press. k. 378. ISBN <bdi>9781569768648</bdi>. Diaksés 24 Juni 2016.</ref> === Juara dunia tinju kelas beurat === ==== Tarung ngalawan Liston ==== Dina panungtungan taun 1963, Clay geus jadi panantang pangluhurna pikeun gelar Sonny Liston. Patarungan geus ditetepkeun dina tanggal 25 Pébruari 1964 di [[Miami Beach]]. Liston miboga kapribadian nu borongongong, patarung nu dominan tur boga sajarah kriminal sarta patali jeung mafia. Dumasar kana pidangan Clay nu teu ngayakinkeun ngalawan Jones jeung Cooper dina dua patarungan saméméhna sarta rubuhna manten juara kelas beurat [[Floyd Patterson]] nu dua kali KO di ronde kahiji ku Liston, Clay teu diunggulkeun ku bandingan 7-1. Najan kitu Clay ngalédék Liston nalika pasamoan méméh tarung, Clay ngalandi Liston minangka “beruang badag goréng patut’, nyarita “Malahan mah Liston bauna gé siga beruang,” sarta ngakukeun “sanggeus ngéléhkeun manéhna kuring bakal nyumbangkeun manéhna ka kebon binatang.”<ref>{{Cite book|title=King of the World: Muhammed Ali and the Rise of an American Hero|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkvoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA147&dq=%22Liston+even+smells+like+a+bear%22|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=02 April 2014|isbn=978-0-8041-7362-9|language=en|first=David|last=Remnick|year=|location=|pages=}}</ref> Kereteg jantung Clay harita diitung 120 (per menit), leuwih ti dua kali kaayaan normalna, 54.<ref name=":15">Lipsyte, Robert (26 Pébruari 1964). [https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/25/specials/ali-upset.html "''Clay Wins Title in Seventh-Round Upset As Liston Is Halted by Shoulder Injury''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 27 Désémber 2008.</ref> Loba pamiarsa harita nyangka yén kalakuan Clay téh pikeun nutupan kasieun, sarta sawatara koméntator panasaran lamun Clay bakal datang kana laga engké. Hasil patarungan bener-bener teu disangka. Nalika bél bubuka, Liston nyuruntul ka Clay, katempo ambek jeung hayang geura-geura nga-o. Najan kitu, katanginasan jeung usikna Clay mampu nyingkahan Liston, ngajadikeun si juara nyamos jeung katempo kaku. Dina tungtung ronde kahiji, Clay ngalancarkeun serangan sarta neunggeulan Liston mangkali-kali ku jéb. Liston tarung rada hadé dina ronde kadua, tapi di awal ronde katilu Clay neunggeul Liston ku sababaraha teunggeulan kombinasi nu matak Liston tikusruk tuur sarta soéh sahandapeun panon kéncana. Ieu téh mimiti pisan pikeun Liston nandangan tatu. Dina tungtung ronde kaopat, Clay balik ka juruna nalika manéhna mimiti ngarasakeun kasakit dina panonna nepi ka teu bisa nempo sarta ménta palatihna, Angelo Dundee, pikeun anggeusan. Dundee nolak hal éta. Pada ngangkeuh cenah masalah nu karandapan ku Clay téh alatan salep nu dipake ngolés kana tatu Liston sacara ngahaja dibalurkeun kana asbokna.<ref name=":15" /> Sanajan teu kungsi dikonfirmasikeun, sajarawan tinju Bert Sugar nyarita yén dua lawan Liston saméméhma ogé ngaku nandangan hal sarupa ngeunaan panonna nu “asa kaduruk”.<ref>Sugar, Bert Randolph (1 Nopémber 2003). ''Bert Sugar on Boxing: The Best of the Sport's Most Notable Writer''. Globe Pequot. k.&nbsp;196. [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-59228-048-3|978-1-59228-048-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Dina hiji wawancara di taun 1974, Ali nyarita yén, saméméh patarunganna ngalawan Foreman, salah saurang pangiriing sakalieun Liston nawaran dirina hiji salep nu bisa dibalurkeun kana asbok sarta bakal ngakibatkeun lolong sawatara waktu nyeureud panon. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKGdopYDIWU Vidéo] dina [[:en:YouTube|YouTube]]. </ref> Sanajan ketak Liston pikeun ngarubuhkeun Clay nu geus teu nempo, Clay masih bisa batahan di ronde kalima nepi ka karinget jeung cipanon ngirid paradangan dina panonna. Dina ronde ka genep, Clay ngadominasi, neuggeulan Liston sababaraha kali. Liston teu menyat nalika bél ronde katujuh sarta Clay dinyatakeun meunang ku [[TKO]]. Liston ngaku yén alesanna eureun téh alatan tatu dina taktakna. Sabadana meunang, Clay nu bungah kacida muru ka tungtung ring sarta nunjuk ka wartawan lebah sisi ring bari ngagero “Hakan tah omongan maranéh!” Manéhna nambahkeun, “Kuring pangjagona! Kuring ngendag-ngendag dunya. Kuring mahluk pangalus-alusna nu kungsi hirup.”<ref>McLeod, Kembrew, ''Pranksters: Making Mischief in the Modern World'', kk. 223–4.</ref> Dina pasamoan sabada tarung, Clay katempo teu yakin yén patarungan dieureunkeun alatan ciderana taktak Liston, nyarita yén hiji-hijina tatu Liston téh ngan “panon nu kabuka, kabuka alatan soéh gedé!” Nalika dibéjaan ku Joe Louis yén ciderana téh nyaéta “leungeun kénca nu leupas tina cacantélna,” Clay ngajejeléh, “Nya heueuh, ngababukan angin waé, rék saha nu teu kitu!”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4IKMX-5JLk "Cassius Clay vs. Sonny Liston - 1964 Boxen"]. YouTube.</ref> Ku meunangkeun patarungan ieu dina umur 22 taun, Clay jadi tukang tinju pangorana nu ngarebut gelar ti juara batahan kelas beurat. Najan kitu, [[Floyd Patterson]] tetep juara dunia kelas beurat pangorana dina umur 21 taun nalika periode sistem gugur alatan mundurna [[Rocky Marciano]]. [[Mike Tyson]] mecahkeun kadua rekor tadi di taun 1986 dina umur 20 taun nalika ngéléhkeun [[Trevor Berbick]] pikeun meunangkeun gelar juara kelas beurat. Teu lila ti saprak patarungan ngalawan Liston, Clay ngaganti ngaranna jadi Cassius X, tuluy ganti deui jadi Muhammad Ali nalika asup Islam sarta gabung ka Bangsa Islam (''Nation of Islam''). Ali tuluy nyanghareupan tanding ulang ngalawan Liston nu dijadwalkeun di bulan Méi di Lewiston, Maine. Tadina mah rék di Boston dina bulan Nopémber saméméhma, tapi dipundurkeun genep bulan alatan tilu poé saméméhna Ali kudu dioperasi darurat gara-gara hérnia.<ref>Cuddy, Jack (14 Nopémber 1964). [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9544811/the_bridgeport_telegram/ "''Clay Undergoes Surgery; Fight Is Off Indefinitely''"]. ''The Bridgeport Telegram''. k. 1. Diaksés 14 Maret 2017 – via [[:en:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]]. </ref> Patarungan lumangsung kontroversial. Di tengah-tengah ronde kahiji, Liston dirubuhkeun ku hiji teunggeulan nu tan katingalan nu nelah di kalangan wartawan ku sebutan “teunggeulan jurig’. Wasit Jersey Joe Walcott teu geura-geura ngitung sabada rubuhna Liston lantaran Ali teu daék mundur ka juru netral. Liston cengkat sanggeus ngajupruk salila 20 detik, sarta patarungan lumangsung deui. Najan kitu, sababaraha waktu ti harita, Walcott nu dibéjaan kutukang ngitung waktu yén Liston geus ngagolér dina itungan 10, ngeureunkeun laga sarta nyatakeun Ali meunang ku cara KO.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXYwb2C6Hec "''Muhammad Ali vs Sonny Liston I & II – Highlights (Ali Becomes World Champion & Phantom Punch Fight!)''"]. YouTube. Diaksés 20 Juni 2018.</ref> Patarungan éta réngsé kurang ti dua menit.<ref>Anderson, Dave (16 Januari 1992). [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/16/sports/sports-of-the-times-on-his-50th-ali-is-still-the-greatest.html "''Sports of The Times; On His 50th, Ali Is Still 'The Greatest''<nowiki/>'"]. The New York Times. Diaksés 25 Januari 2012.</ref> Jalma-jalma pada ngakeuh yén Liston ngahaja ngagubragkeun manéh. Motivasi nu dituduhkeun kaasup di antarana nyawana diancam ku Nation of Islam, masang tarohan pikeun dirina sorangan sarta ngahaja “teuleum” pikeun mayar hutang-hutangna. Tayang ulang gerak lambat nunjukkeun yén Liston kahanca ku gitikan ngepang leungeun katuhu Ali, ngan teu jelas naha teunggeulan éta téh nyata-nyata nu matak ngarubuhkeun manéhna.<ref>Vachss, Andrew (2003). ''[http://www.vachss.com/only_child/index.html Only Child]''. Vintage. k. 89. Vachss further explains the way such a fix would have been engineered in Two Trains Running. Pantheon. 2005. pp. 160–165, 233.</ref> ==== Laga ngalawan Patterson ==== Ali mertahankeun gelar na ngalawan manten juara kelas beurat [[Floyd Patterson]] dina tanggal 22 Nopémber 1965. Mémeh laga éta Ali moyok Patterson,  nu kawentar sok ngageroan manéhna make ngaran Cassius Clay, minangka “[[Emang Tom]]”, Ali ogé nyebut Patterson “Si Kelinci”. Sanajan Ali jelas-jelas leuwih alus manan Patterson nu katempona cidera, laga éta lumangsung 12 ronde, méméh dieureunkeun ku hiji technical knockout (TKO). Patterson tuluy nyarita yén dirina katarajang keram lebah ''[[sacroiliac]]''-na. Ali dikritik ku média olahraga alatan katempo heureuy nalika tarung ngalawan Patterson.<ref name=":0">Belth, Alex (27 Agustus 2012). [http://www.sportsonearth.com/article/37158310/ "''ALI-PATTERSON: THE REAL STORY''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108100358/http://www.sportsonearth.com/article/37158310/ |date=2017-11-08 }}. Sports on Earth. Sports on Earth. Diaksés 3 Juni 2016.</ref> Biographer Patterson, W.K. Stratton yén pacéngkadan antara Ali jeung Patterson téh jijieunan wungkul pikeun ningkatkeun pangjualan tiket jeung pamirsa nu nongton liwat TV sirkuit, padahal mah duanana gé nyandiwara. Stratton ogé ngutip wawancara Ali ku Howard Cosell nu mana Ali ngajelaskeun yén dirina lain heuheureuyan ngalawan Patterson tapi ngan nahan wungkul sangkan teu ngarubuhkeun musuhna sabada tétéla yén Patterson téh keur cidera. Stratton nyatakeun yén Ali ngajadwalkeun tanding kadua di taun 1972, ku alatan ningal kondisi financial Patterson, pikeun ngabantu si manten juara meunangkeun cukup duit keur mayaran hutangna ka [[IRS]].<ref name=":0" /> ==== ''Main Bout'' ==== Sabadana laga ngalawa Patterson, Ali ngadegkeun pausahaan promosina sorangan, ''Main Bout'' (Laga Utama). Pausahaan éta husus nyepeng promosi tinju Ali jeung pamayaran siaran sirkuit tivi. Nu nyarepeng sahamna lolobana babaturan Ali di Nation of Islam, bareng jeung sababaraha urang lianna, di antarana Bob Arum.<ref>Ezra, Michael (2013). ''[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DL41bsCigZcC&pg=PA105 The Economic Civil Rights Movement: African Americans and the Struggle for Economic Power]''. Routledge. k.&nbsp;105. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781136274756|9781136274756]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_1966.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Ali di taun 1966]] Ali jeung juara kelas beurat [[WBA]] [[Ernie Terrel]] geus paheut pikeun adu hareupan dina hiji laga di [[Chicago]] dina tanggal 29 Maret 1966 (WBA, hiji dina dua asosiasi tinju, geus nyabut gelar Ali sabada Ali gabung kana Nation of Islam). Tapi, di bulan Pébruari, Ali diklasifikasi ulang ku déwan pangdaptaran [[wamil]] Louisville ti 1-A ka 1-Y, sarta katempona manéhna nolak pikeun ngabdi, ngomong ka wartawan, “Kuring teu boga masalah jeung [[Viétkong]]; teu saurang ogé urang Viétkong kungsi nyalukan negro ka kuring.”<ref>Shalit, Nevin I. (15 Juli 1980). "''[http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1980/7/15/muhammad-ali-losing-the-real-title/ Muhammad Ali: Losing the Real Title]''". ''The Harvard Crimson''. Diaksés 19 Agustus 2015.</ref> Di tengah-tengah sorotan média kana pamadegan Ali, Komisi Atlétik Illinois nolak pikeun nurunkeun sanksi kana laga tadi, ku alesan masalah téhnis.<ref>Dundee, Angelo; Maule, Tex (28 Agustus 1967). "''He Could Go To Jail And Still Be Champ''". ''Sports Illustrated''.</ref> Ali malah nganjang ka Kanada jeung Éropa sarta meunangkeun sawatara laga kajuaraan ngalawan George Chuvalo, Henry Cooper, Brian London jeung Karl Mildenberger. Ali mulang deui ka Amérika Sarikat pikeun ngalawanan Cleveland Williams di Houston Astrodome dina tanggal 14 Nopémber 1966. Laga éta mecahkeun rékor panongton ''indoor'' ku 35.460 jalma. Williams geus pada ngangkeuh minangka salah sahiji tukang tinju nu boga teunggeulan pangtarikna di divisi kelas beurat, tapi di taun 1964 manéhn ditémbak ti jarak deukeut ku pulisi Texas, ngakibatkeun leungit ginjal hiji jeung peujit leutikna diteukteuk sapanjang tilu méter. Ali nguntupan Williams, meunang ku TKO di ronde katilu dina hiji patarungan nu dianggap minangka pidangan panghadéna dina karirna. Ali tarung ngalawanan Terrell di [[Houston]] dina 6 Pébruari 1967. Terrel, nu teu kungsi kasoran dina lima taun ka tukang sarta geus ngéléhkeun réa tukang tinju nu kungsi di sanghareupan ku Ali, diangkeuh minangka lawan pangtanggohna ti saprak Liston; manéhna téh badag, kuat jeung boga kaunggulan tilu inchi jangkauan ti Ali. Wanci méméh patarungan, Terrel mangulang-ulang nyebut Ali ku “Clay”, pikeun ngélég Ali. Duanana ampir pagedrug alatan masalah ngaran dina hiji wawancara pra-laga ku Howard Cosell. Ali katempona niat pikeun moyok Terrell. “Kuring hayang nyiksa manéhna,” cenah. “KO wungkul masih alus teuing keur manéhna.”<ref>Maule, Tex (13 Pébruari 1967). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130309201457/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1079523/1/index.htm "''Cruel Ali With All The Skills''"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1079523/1/index.htm Diarsipkeun] tinu asli tanggal 9 Maret 2013.</ref> Patarungan lumangsung babad nepi ka ronde tujuh, Ali moyok Terrell, nenggeul lawanna ku jéb bari kokoar, “Naon ngaran kuring téh Emang Tom...naon ngaran kuring?” Ali antukna meunang ku 15 ronde ku suara buleud. Terrel ngaku yén nalika keur tarung, Ali ngahaja neunggar panonna, maksa manéhna kudu tarung bari satengah lolong, sarta tuluy, dina hiji ''clinch'', ngagosokkeun panonna nu tatu kana tali ring. Alatan Ali katempona ngahaja manjangkeun patarungan pikeun namplokkeun hukuman maksimal, kritik ngagambarkeun yén patarungan éta téh minangka “salah sahiji patarungan tinju panggoréngna.” Tex Maule tuluy nulis: “Harita téh mangrupa pamintonan nu éndah dina kaparigelan tinju ogé panémbongan kakasaran barbar.” Ali nolak tuduhan ngeunaan kakasaran, tapi, pikeun para pangiritik Ali, laga éta leuwih némbongkeun bukti kaadigunganna. Sabada Ali mertahankeun gelar ngalawan Zora Folley dina tanggal 22 Maret, sakabéh gelarna diudaran alatan nolak pikeun asup kana pangabdian militer.<ref name="greatath">Johnson, Rafer (1 Pébruari 2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=TnIAPwAACAAJ Great Athletes 1] (revisi ed.). Salem Press. kk. 38–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58765-008-6</nowiki>.</ref> Ijin tinjuna ogé dicabut sarta dikeunaan sanksi teu meunang maén ku nagara bagéan [[New York]]. Manéhna didakwa nyingkahan wajib militer dina tanggal 20 Juni sarta dihukum lima taun panjara jeung denda $10.000. Ali mayar jaminan sarta tetep bébas bari naékkeun banding kana putusanna. === Dibuang jeung balik deui === Dina bulan Maret 1966, Ali nolak pikeun gabung ka pasukan basanjata. Sacara sistematis dirina ditolak ijin tinjuna di unggal nagara bagéan sarta pasporna dicabut. Hasilna, manéhna heunteu tanding ti bulan Maret 1967 nepi ka Oktober 1970 – dina umur 25 nepi ka ampir 29 – nalika kasusna keur dina prosés naék banding saméméh dakwaanna dibatalkeun dina taun 1971. Nalika mangsa tanpa aktipitas éta, panolakan kana [[Perang Viétnam]] mimiti tumuwuh sarta pamedegan Ali meunangkeun simpati, manéhna biantara di sakola-sakola luhur di sakuliah nagri, ngiritik Perang Viétnam sarta ngabéla harga diri urang Amérika-Afrika jeung kaadilan rasial. ==== Patarungan Super ==== Nalika meunang sanksi dilarang tanding, Ali méréskeun hiji tuntutan $1 juta ngalawan produser radio Murray Woroner ku narima $10.000 alatan sacara pribadi dipintonkeun dina laga fantasi jijieunan ngalawan pangsiunan juara Rocky Marciano.<ref name=":2">"''[http://www.enterprisenews.com/article/20090901/News/309019646 Ali vs. Marciano: Who wins?]''". ''The Enterprise''. 1 Séptémber 2009. Diaksés tanggal 19 Juli 2016.</ref> Dina taun 1969, kadua patinju éta difilemkeun diadu pikeun kurang leuwih 75 ronde nu sarondena samenit; maranéhna merankeun sababaraha lalakon.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/nov/13/forgotten-story-rocky-marciano-muhammad-ali "''The forgotten story of ... the Rocky Marciano v Muhammad Ali Super Fight''"]. ''The Guardian''. 13 Nopémber 2012.</ref> Hiji program komputer cenah nangtukeun nu meunang, dumasar kana data ngeunaan para patarung. Vérsi éditan dina tanding éta dipidangkeun di bioskop di taun 1970. Dina vérsi AS Ali éléh dina hiji simulasi KO di ronde ka-13, tapi dina vérsi Éropa Marciano éléh alatan meunang tatu, ogé simulasi.<ref>Bingham, Howard; Wallace, Max (2000). ''[[iarchive:muhammadalisgrea0000bing|Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight: Cassius Clay vs. the United States of America]]''. M. Evans. k.&nbsp;[[iarchive:muhammadalisgrea0000bing/page/218|218]].</ref> Ali ngisaratkeun yén éléhna dina vérsi AS téh teu objéktif. Manéhna kabéjakan nyarita bari heureuy, “Komputerna buatan Alabama.”<ref name=":2" /> ==== Mulang deui kana tanding hadiahan ==== Dina tanggal 11 Agustus 1970, sawatara kasusna keur naék banding kénéh, Ali meunang ijin pikeun tinju deui ti Komisi Atlétik Kota Atlanta. Leroy Johnson, Jesse Hill Jr. Jeung Harry Pett geus ngagunakeun pangaruh pulitik lokalna sarta nempatkeun pausahaan House of Sports pikeun ngatur tandingna, ku kituna, maranéhna mintonkeun kakawasaan pangaruh pulitik kaum hideung Georgia kana mulang deuina Ali.<ref>Matthew (1 Oktober 2005). [https://www.atlantamagazine.com/great-reads/knockout-oral-history-muhammad-ali-atlanta-fight-nobody-wanted/ "''Knockout: An oral history of Muhammad Ali, Atlanta, and the fight nobody wanted''"]. ''Atlanta Magazine''. Diaksés 31 Oktober 2019.</ref> Tanding munggaran balikna deui Ali téh nyaéta nyanghareupan Jerry Quarry dina tanggal 26 Oktober, nu hasilna hiji kameunangan pikeun Ali sanggeus dina ronde katilu Quarry meunang tatu getih. Sabulan ti harita, kameunangan di pangadilan federal ngudukeun Komisi Tinju New York pikeun mulangkeun ijin tinju Ali.<ref>[http://palmbeachpost.newspapers.com/image/132677737/?terms=%22Clay%2Bgranted%2BNew%2BYork%2Bring%2Blicense%22 "''Clay granted New York ring license''"]. ''The Palm Beach Post. Associated Press''.15 Séptémber 1970. k. B4.</ref> Ali ngalawanan Oscar Bonavena di [[Madison Square Garden]] di bulan Désémber dina hiji pamidangan nu teu matak sumanget nu réngsé ku di-TKO-na Bonavena sacara dramatis di ronde ka-15. Kameunangan ieu nempatkeun Ali dina posisi kahiji pikeun nantang juara kelas beurat [[Joe Frazier]]. ==== Tarung kahiji ngalawan Joe Frazier ==== Tarung kahiji Ali ngalawan Frazier lumangsung di Garden dina tanggal 8 Maret 1971, katelah ku sebutan “Patarungan Abad Ieu”, alatan euyeub nu luar biasa di sabudeureun patarungan antara dua patandang nu can kungsi kasoran nu masing-masing boga cupat pikeun jadi juara kelas beurat. Panulis véteran tinju John Condon nyebut hal ieu “kajadian panggedéna nu kungsi ku kuring dipigawé dina hirup kuring.” Laga ieu disiarkeun ka 35 nagara luar; promotorna ngaluarkeun 760 tikét wartawan.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Katambahkeun kana atmospir laga nyaéta tontonan pra-laga nu ramé sarta silih poyokan. Ali ngagambarkeun Frazier minangka hiji “pakakas bodo pikeun pangawangunan urang bulé.” “Frazier goréng rupa teuing pikeun jadi jawara,” ceuk Ali. “Frazier bodo teuing pikeun jadi jawara.” Ali ogé sababaraha kali ngalandi Frazier minangka “Emang Tom”. Dave Wolf, nu gawé pikeun sasana Frazier, inget yén, “Ali nyarita ‘jalma-jalma nu ngarojong Joe Frazier ngan jalma-jalma nu maraké saragam wungkul, nyaéta shérif Alabama, sarta anggota Ku Klux Klan. Kuring tarung pikeun jalma leutik di kawasan kumuh.’ Joe keur diuk di ditu harita téh, neunggeulkeun peureup kana dampal leungeunna, nyarita, ‘Nyaho naon anjing si éta ngeunaan kawasan kumuh?’”<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Ali mimiti latihan di lahan tanén deukeut [[Reading]], [[Pennsylvania]], di taun 1971, sarta ngarasa cocog lamun di wilayah pasisian éta diwangun hiji sasana nyaan. Ali meunangkeun lima akre lahan di jalan désa Pennsylvania di Désa Deer Lake, Pennsylvania. Di tempat éta Ali ngadegkeun hiji sasana latihan, di mana manéhna latihan pikeun sakabéh patarunganna ti taun 1972 semet ka panungtungan karirna di taun 1982. Laga Senen peuting cocog jeung iklanna. Frazier nu dodongkoan, ulak elok jeung gulak gilek tutuluyan neken Ali, kateunggeul sababaraha kali ku jéb jeung kombinasi Ali, tapi teu reureuh nyerang tur mangkali-kali nyitak angka, utamana kana awak Ali. Laga éta saimbang dina awalna mah, tapi Ali nandangan ganjaran pangtohagana dina karirna. Dina sababaraha kasempetan dina ronde-ronde awal manéhna susuruduk sarta gigideg (nunjukkeun teu nyeri) nalika kababuk. Ronde-ronde kaituna – dina naon nu munggaran katelah ku “strategi ''rope-a-dope''” – Ali nyarande kana tali sarta nyerep tarajangan ti Frazier, ngaharep meakkeun tanaga Frazier. Dina ronde ka-11, Frazier ninggang ku huk kénca nu ngabalukarkeun Ali jajarigjegan, tapi lantaran Ali katempona siga nu guyon nalika mundur ka sisi ring séjén, Frazier jadi ngarengkog pikeun nuluykeun ketakna, hariwang serangan balik ti Ali. Dina ronde panungtungan, Frazier ngarubuhkeun Ali ku hiji huk kénca nu kacida tarikna, nu ceuk wasit Arthur Mercante mangrupa teunggeulan jalma pangtarik-tarikna. Ali cengkat dina itungan tilu detik.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Najan kitu, Ali éléh ku putusan buleud, hiji kaéléhan dirina nu munggaran. ==== Tantangan Chamberlain jeung tarung ngalawan Ellis ==== Dina taun 1971, béntang baskét [[Wilt Chamberlain]] nantang Ali pikeun tarung kalayan lagana geus dijadwalkeun dina tanggal 26 Juli. Sanajan Chamberlain nu jangkungna tujuh kaki dua inci ngabogaan kauntungan pisik nu leuwih kuat batan Ali – 60 pon leuwih beurat sarta jangkoanna 14 inci leuwih jauh – Ali bisa mangaruhan Chamberlain pikeun ngabedokeun laga ku moyok manéhna dina hiji wawancara bareng ku sebutan “Kai Golondongan!” sarta “Tangkal éta bakal rubuh”. Pernyataan nu pinuh kayakinan ieu ngamarojéngjakeun musuh jangkungna nu karak meunang tawaran rékor kontrak ti pamilik [[Los Angeles Lakers]], Jack Kent Cooke, minangka syarat keur ngabatalkeun naon nu disebut ku Cooke minangka “tinju bebelegugan”,<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-01-15/sports/sp-979_1_wilt-s-ring-career "''Ali's Remark Ended Wilt's Ring Career''"]. ''Los Angeles Times''.15 Januari1989. ''Morning Briefing''.</ref> sarta antukana Chamberlain ngagugu kana hal éta.<ref>O'Reilly, Terry (3 Marét 2016). [http://www.cbc.ca/radio/undertheinfluence/achilles-heel-advertising-repositioning-the-competition-1.3473631 "''Achilles Heel Advertising: Repositioning the Competition''"]. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Diakasés 30 Agustus 2018.</ref> Pikeun ngagantikeun lawan Ali, promotor [[Bob Arum]] geuwat nga-''booking'' manten batur latihan Ali, Jimmy Ellis, nu mangrupa batur Ali keur budak ti [[Louisville]], Kentcuky, pikeun ngalawanan Ali. ==== Tarung munggaran ngalawan Quarry, Patterson, Foster jeung Norton ==== Sanggeus éléh ku Frazier, Ali tarung ngalawan Jerry Quarry, ngaduakalian ngalawan Folyd Patterson sarta ngalawana Bob Foster di taun 1972, kabéhna Ali meunang genep kali dina taun éta. Di taun 1973, Ken Norton motongkeun careuham Ali nalika ngaleler dirina ku kaéléhan kadua. Sabada mimiti pada ngangkeuh rék pangsiun, Ali meunang ngalawan Norton dina laga kadua maranéhna. Hal ieu ngajurung Ali kana tarung ulang ngalawan Joe Frazier di Madison Square Garden dina tanggal 28 Januari 1974.; Frazier karak anyar kaleungitan gelar ku [[George Foreman]]. ==== Tarung kadua ngalawan Joe Frazier ==== Ali katempona kuat dina awal-awal ronde sarta nyieun Frazier jajarigjegan dina ronde kadua. Wasit Tony Perez salah déngé,  rarasaan manéhna ngadéngé bél béakna rondé kadua sarta ngaléngkah ka antara dua patinju nalika Ali keur nyerang, méré waktu keur Frazier pikeun ngarénghap heula. Najan kitu, Frazier menyat dina ronde-ronde tengah, ngagitik sirah Ali dina ronde katujuh sarta nyedekkeun Ali kana tali ring dina panungtungan ronde kadalapan. Opat ronde pamungkas duanana silih genti unggul. Salila laga, kalah kumaha gé Ali hasil nyingkahan huk kiwa Frazier nu ngabahayakeun sarta ningker Frazier nalika di juru, taktik nu kadua éta nu matak ngajéngkélkeun pihak sasana Frazier. Para juri méré kaputusan buleud pikeun kameunangan Ali. === Juara dunia kelas beurat (mindoan) === ==== ''Palagan di Leuweung'' ==== Kameunangan ngalawan Frazier nempatkeun Ali kana babak parebutan gelar ngalawan juara kelas beurat [[George Foreman]] di [[Kinshasa]], [[Zairé]], dina tanggal 30 Oktboer 1974 – hiji laga nu katelah ku Palagan di Leuweung. Foreman dianggap minangka patinju nu ngabogaan teunggeulan pangtarikna dina sajarah kelas beurat. Dina itung-itungan patarungan, para analis nunjukkeun yén Joe Frazier jeung Ken Norton nu geus méré Ali opat patarungan beurat sarta masing-masing di antara meunang sakali, duanana dirubuhkeun ku Foreman dina KO di ronde kadua. Ali geus nincak umur 32 taun, sarta nyata-nyata geus leungiteun katanginasan jeung réfléksna di banding keur umur 20-an. Kontras jeung kapribadiaanna kiwari, Foreman harita mangrupa jalma nu sahaok kadua gaplok jeung pikasieuneun. Ampir teu saurang ogé pangamat olahraga, malah najan bobotoh heubeul Ali gé, Howard Cosell, nyarangka yén si manten juara bakal pimeunangeun. [[Gambar:WORLD_HEAVYWEIGHT_BOXING_CHAMPION_MUHAMMAD_ALI,_A_BLACK_MUSLIM,_ATTENDS_THE_SECT'S_SERVICE_TO_HEAR_ELIJAH_MUHAMMAD..._-_NARA_-_556247.jpg|jmpl| Ali di taun 1974 ]] Saperti biasana, Ali pinuh ku kayakinan jeung hegar méméh patarungan. Manéhna nyarita ka juru wawancara David Frost, “Lamun anjeun mikir yén dunia direuwaskeun ku eureunna Nixon, tunggu nepi ka kuring ninggang Foreman nepi ka ngajengkang!”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aGHpXt_hMc "''Muhammad Ali – The Rumble In The Jungle(Interview)''"]. 22 Maret 1967. YouTube. Diaksés tanggal 3 Séptémber 2013.</ref> Manéhna nyarita ka préss, “Kuring geus milampah hiji hal nu anyar pikeun laga ieu. Kuring gulat ngalawan buaya, kuring ijén ngalawan lauk paus; nyangcang kilat, manjarakeun guludug; karak minggu kamari kuring maéhan cadas, natuan batu jeung ngirim bata ka rumah sakit; Kuring bener-bener curaling, ku kuring ubar gé dijieun garering.”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGk0R63C0eM "''Muhammad Ali Inspirational Speech (Cassius Clay Boxing Motivation)''"]. 14 Séptémber 2012. YouTube. Diaksés tanggal 3 Séptémber 2013.</ref> Ali kacida populérna di [[Zairé]], saur manuk “Ali, bomaye” (“Ali, paéhan si éta”) ka mana waé Ali indit. Ali muka patarungan, gerak tur nyétak angka ku hiji teunggeulan silang kana sirah Foreman. Satuluyna dina awal ronde kadua, nalika kadeseh ka juru, Ali mundur kana tali ring sarta ngundang Foreman pikeun nenggeulan bari manéhna nyalindung, nangkeup jeung malik neunggeul, bari terus harus moyok Foreman. Gerakanna nu engkéna katelah ku “''[[Rope-a-dope]]''”, nyata-nyata ngalawan kana kabiasaan tinju – ngantepkeun tukang neunggeul pangbedasna narajang sakahayangna – nu ceuk pamikiran panulis tinju George Plimpton mah patarungan éta téh teu eucreug. Foreman beuki dieu beuki ambek, ngirim teunggeulan nu pating solédat sarta teu mareneran. Asup kana patengahan patarungan, Foreman mimiti capé, Ali malik nyerang sacara éféktif  sababaraha kali ku teunggeulan, nu nyumangetan para pamiarsa nu pro ka Ali. Dina ronde kadalapan, Ali ngarubuhkeun Foreman nu geus leuleus ku hiji kombinasi di tengah ring; Foreman teu bisa cengkat deui. Di luar sangkaan, sarta di tengah-tengah euyeubna ring, Ali meunangkeun deui titel juara ku cara KO. Ngeungteung kana patarungan éta, George Foreman ka dieunakeun nyarita: “Ari sugan téh Ali ngan saukur kurban KO lianna, nepi ka asup ka ronde katujuh, kuring neunggeul careuhamna sataker kebek sarta manéhna nangkep kuring bari ngaharéwos kana ceuli: ‘Ngan sakitu George?’ Kuring karak nyadar yén hal ieu téh teu sapagodos jeung panyana kuring.”<ref>Foreman, George (Januari 2012). [http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/sport/george-foreman-on-ali "''George Foreman on why Muhammad Ali was so much more than a 'boxer'''"]. ''ShortList''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_and_Jimmy_Carter.jpg|jmpl|Présidén Jimmy Carter ngabagéakeun Ali dina hiji jamuan di Gedong Putih, 1977.]] Hal ieu téh bener-bener kameunangan nu teu disangka-sangka,<ref>Foreman, George (Januari 2012). [http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/sport/george-foreman-on-ali "''George Foreman on why Muhammad Ali was so much more than a 'boxer'''"]. ''ShortList''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> sanggeus saméméhna Ali teu diunggulkeun ku bandingan 4-1 ngalawan musuhna nu can kungsi kasoran, si peureup bedas, Foreman.<ref>[https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1030.html "''Ali Regains Title, Flooring Foreman''"]. ''The New York Times''. 30 Oktober 1974.</ref> Patarungan ieu kawentar minangka mimiti pisan Ali ngenalkeun taktik ''rope-a-dope''.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/oct/29/rumble-in-the-jungle-muhammad-ali-george-foreman-book-extract "''Rumble in the Jungle: the night Ali became King of the World again''"]. ''The Guardian''. 29 Oktober 2014. </ref> Patarungan ieu rékor ditongton ku pamiarsa télévisi kira-kira sajuta panongoton di sakuliah dunya.<ref name="usatoday">"Revisiting 'The Rumble in the Jungle' 40 years later". ''USA Today''. 29 Oktober 2014.</ref><ref name="jet"/> Pintonan ieu mangrupa siaran télévisi panglobana dilalajoan di dunia dina mangsa harita.<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180520042513/http://www.inquisitr.com/4903566/most-watched-live-tv-broadcasts-of-all-time-where-will-the-royal-wedding-rank/ "''Most-Watched Live TV Broadcasts Of All Time: Where Will The Royal Wedding Rank?''"]. ''Inquisitr''. 19 Méi 2018. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://www.inquisitr.com/4903566/most-watched-live-tv-broadcasts-of-all-time-where-will-the-royal-wedding-rank/ asli] tanggal 20 Mei 2018. Diaksés tanggal 20 Méi 2018.</ref> ==== Tanding ngalawan, Wepner, Lyle jeung Bugner ==== Lawan-lawan Ali satuluyna nyaéta Chuck Wepner, Ron Lyle jeung Joe Bugner. Wepner, hiji jalma ngalalana nu kawentar ku sebutan “Tukang Ngagetihan ti Bayonne”, ngagétkeun Ali nalika ngarubuhkeun manéhna di ronde kasalapan; Ali ka hareupna nyarita yén manéhna titajong kana suku Wepner. Laga ieu nu ngailhaman Sylvester Stallone pikeun nyieun pilemna nu meunangkeun loba pamuji, ''[[Rocky]]''.<ref>Schneiderman, R. M. (10 Agustus 2006). [https://www.forbes.com/2006/08/10/rocky-stallone-settlement-cx_rs_0810autofacescan04.html#34f600e166bd "''Stallone Settles With The 'Real' Rocky''"]. ''Forbes''.</ref> ==== Tanding katilu lawan Joe Frazier ==== Ali tuluy nyatujuan pikeun tarung katilu ngalawan [[Joe Frazier]] di [[Manila]]. Laga nu katelah ku “''[[Thrilla in Manila]]''” ieu lumangsung dina tanggal 1 Oktober 1975,<ref name="greatath"/> dina suhu hawa ampir 100 °F (38 °C). Dina ronde-ronde awal, Ali agrésif, gudag gidig jeung silih tukeran teunggeulan jeung Frazier. Sanajan kitu, teu lila Ali katempo capé sarta ngaluarkeun jurus “''rope-a-dope''”, minengna mah ngalakukeun ''clinch''. Dina bagéan laga ieu, Ali mesatkeun sawatara serangan walesan nu éféktif, tapi lolobana mah katinggang ku Frazier nu euweuh kacapé. Dina ronde ka-12, Frazier mimiti leuleus, Ali nibankeun sababaraha teunggeulan tarik nu ngabalukarkeun katutupna panon kénca Frazier sarta tatu soéh saluhureun panon katuhuna. Ku leungiteun tetempoanna Frazier, Ali ngadominasi rondé ka-13 jeung ka-14, nu harita, ceuk sajarawan tinju Mike Silver, nganggap sirah Frazier saolah-olah minangka “sasaran paranti latihan”. Patarungan direureuhkeun nalika palatih Frazier, Eddie Futch, teu ngijinan Frazier pikeun nuluykeun ronde panungtungan, ronde ka-15, sanajan Frazier teu panujueun. Panon Frazier duanana katutup alatan bareuh. Ali, di juru ringna, diputuskeun meunang ku cara TKO, ngajéngjéhe dina korsina, bener-bener lungsé. Ali nu sarua ripuh cumarita sabada patarungan, “nu karasa ku kuring, bener-bener deukeut kana pipaéheun”, sarta nalika ditanya naha manéhna heunteu nongton ulang patarunganna dina vidio, Ali ngajawab, “Keur naon kuring kudu balik deui sarta lalajo Naraka?” Sabada patarungan, Ali nyebutkeun yén “Frazier téh patarung pangpunjulna sapanjang mangsa, sanggeus diri kuring.” Ali nu sarua ripuh cumarita sabada patarungan, “nu karasa ku kuring, bener-bener deukeut kana pipaéheun”, sarta nalika ditanya naha manéhna heunteu nongton ulang patarunganna dina vidio, Ali ngajawab, “Keur naon kuring kudu balik deui sarta lalajo Naraka?” Sabada patarungan, Ali nyebutkeun yén “Frazier téh patarung pangpunjulna sapanjang mangsa, sanggeus diri kuring.”<ref>Blaine Henry (18 Méi 2019). [https://fight-library.com/2019/05/28/history-lesson-thrilla-in-manila/ "''History Lesson: Thrilla in Manila''"]. Fight-Library.com</ref> [[Gambar:Anderson_ali.jpg|jmpl|Ali diwawancara ku Curt Anderson ti WBAL-TV, taun 1978, Baltimore, Maryland]] Sanggeus laga di Manila, Ali tanding ngalawan Jean Pierre Coopman, Jimmy Young jeung Richard Dunn, kalayan meunang ngalawan nu disebut panungtung ku KO. Teunggeulan Ali nalika ngarubuhkeun Dunn meunang diajar ti Jawara [[Taékwondo]] Jhon Rhee. Rhee nyebut teunggeulan éta minangka “''Accupunch''”, nu manéhna gé meunang guguru ti [[Bruce Lee]].<ref>[http://www.jhoonrhee.com/bio7.html "''Jhoon Rhee, Father of American Tae Kwon Do''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506223915/http://www.jhoonrhee.com/bio7.html |date=2019-05-06 }}". ''www.jhoonrhee.com''. Diaksés tanggal 1 Méi 2019.</ref> Patarungan ngalawan Dunn mangrupa patarungan pamungkas dina karirna di mana Ali hasil ngarubuhkeun lawanna. Dina tanggal 1 Juni 1976, Ali ngalaan kaos jeung jakétna sarta ijén ngalawanan pagulat profésional Gorilla Monsoon dina jero ring sabada tandingna di Féderasi Gulat Sakuliah Dunya dipintonkeun di [[Aréna Philadelphia]]. Sabada nyingcetkeun sababaraha teunggeulan Ali, Monsoon ngangkat Ali dina gerakan puteran pasawat sarta ngabantingkeun kana karpét. Ali cingkud leumpang ka juru di mana baturna, Butch Lewis, ngayakinkeun dirina sangkan eunggeusan.<ref>[https://boxinghalloffame.com/muhammad-ali-boxing-a-monsoon/ "''Muhammad Ali Boxing a Monsoon – Boxing Hall of Fame''"]. ''boxinghalloffame.com''. 29 Désémber 2012. Diaksés tanggal 9 Juni 2016.</ref> Tanggal 26 Juni 1976 Ali ilibiung dina hiji laga éksébisi di Tokyo ngalawanan tukang gulat profésional jeung ahli béla diri Jepang, [[Antonio Inoki]]. Ali ngan bisa nibankeun dua jéb, sedeng tajongan Inoki ngakibatkeun gétih wuwungan di dua témpat sarta inféksi nu ngakibatkeun suku Ali ampir-ampiran kudu diamputasi. Tanding éta teu maké aturan rasmi sarta antukna dinyatakeun séri.<ref>Tallent, Aaron (20 Pébruari 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160709012841/http://www.thesweetscience.com/articles-of-2005/1716-the-joke-that-almost-ended-ali-s-career "''The Joke That Almost Ended Ali's Career''"]. The Sweet Science. Diarsipkeun ti [http://www.thesweetscience.com/articles-of-2005/1716-the-joke-that-almost-ended-ali-s-career nu asli] tanggal 9 Juli 2016. Diaksés 4 Désémber 2007.</ref> Sabada maotna Ali, ''[[The New York Times]]'' nyebutkeun yén laga éta téh mangrupa laga nu paling teu dipikatineung ku Ali.<ref>Mather, Victor (5 Juni 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/sports/who-lost-when-muhammad-ali-fought-a-pro-wrestler-the-fans.html "''Ali's Least Memorable Fight''"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref> Réa koméntator tinju nempo laga éta sacara negatif sarta ngarepkeun sangkan pada mopohokeun lantaran dianggap minangka “15 ronde nu teu payus.”<ref name=":1">Gross, Josh (25 Juni 2016). [http://www.newsweek.com/muhammad-ali-antonio-inoki-mixed-martial-arts-ufc-japan-mma-boxing-wrestling-474502 "''Muhammad Ali's Forgotten Fight Was Also One of His Most Influential''"]. ''Newsweek''. Diaksés tanggal 10 April 2018.</ref> Kiwari, laga éta dianggap ku sawatara jalma minangka tarung Ali anu paling boga pangaruh, CBS Sports nyebutkeun yén perhatian kana laga gaya campuran pada narima “minangka ilham pikeun kaluarna standarisasi aturan [[MMA]] sababaraha taun ti harita.”<ref name=":1" /><ref>Burkholder, Denny (6 Juni, 2016). [http://www.cbssports.com/general/news/how-muhammad-alis-fascination-with-pro-wrestling-fueled-his-career-inspired-mma/ "''How Muhammad Ali's fascination with pro wrestling fueled his career, inspired MMA''"]. CBS Sports. Diaksés tanggal 11 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali ngalawanan Ken Norton pikeun katilukalina dina bulan Séptémber 1976. Laga lumangsung di Stadium Yankee, nu hasilna Ali meunang ku hiji kaputusan nu pada ngadebat sarta meunang pamoyok ti panongton. Sanggeusna, Ali ngumumkeun yén dirina rék reureuh tina tinju pikeun neuleuman kayakinanna, Ali pindah kana Islam Sunni sakaluarna ti Nation of Islam dina taun saméméhna.<ref>[http://www.newspaperarchive.com/SiteMap/FreePdfPreview.aspx?img=110827611?sec=Sports "''Champion Ali Quits Boxing''"]. ''The Paris News''. 1 Oktober 1976. k. 12. Diaksés tanggal 19 Oktober 2011.</ref> Sabada mulang deui pikeun ngéléhkeun Alfredo Evangelista dina bulan Méi 1977, Ali ripuh dina tarung satuluyna ngalawan Earnie Shavers di bulan Séptémber, kahanca sababaraha kali dina sirah. Ali meunangkeun patarungan ku kaputusan teu buleud lianna, tapi laga tadi ngabalukarkeun dokterna ti babaheula, Ferdie Pacheco eureun sanggeus pépélingna sangkan Ali eureun tina tinju teu didaréngé. Pacheco nyaritakeun, “Komisi Atlétik New York nunjukkeun ka kuring laporan yén ginjal Ali geus misalah. Kuring nyuratan Angelo Dundee, palatih Ali, pamajikanna jeung Ali sorangan. Kuring taya nu némbal. Tah ti dinya kuring mutuskeun, anggeus, cukup.”<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Dina bulan Pébruari 1978, Ali nyanghareupan [[Leon Spinks]] di Hotél Hilton di [[Las Vegas]]. Wanci harita, Spinks ngan ngabogaan pangalaman tujuh kali tanding profesional sarta karak anyar drow jeung panglalana Scott LeDoux. Ali méakkeun kurang ti dua losin ronde minangka persiapan pikeun tanding sarta kondisi awakna bener-bener teu nyumponan nalika loncéng bubuka disadakeun. Manéhna kaleungitan gelar ku kaputusan nu misah. Tanding ulang dilumangsungkeun dina bulan Séptémber di ''[[Superdome]]'' di [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]. Tujuh puluh rébu jalma narongton laga ieu sarta mayar total keur tikét sajumlah $6 juta, ngajadikeun patarungan éta pangngahasilkeunna dina mangsa harita.<ref>[http://www.nola.com/sports/index.ssf/2016/06/read_peter_finneys_column_from.html Baca kolum Peter Finney dina Ali vs. Spinks 2 di Superdome taun 1978], ''The Times-Picayune'' NOLA.com (New Orleans, LA.), diposkeun deui dina 4 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali meunang ku kaputusan nu buleud tina hiji patarungan nu teu ramé, ti wasit Lucien Joubert méré nilai 10-4, juri Ernie Cojoe 10-4 jeung juri Herman Preis 11-4. Ku kituna, Ali jadi juara kelas beurat munggaran nu meunangkeun sabukna tilu kali.<ref>''Muhammad Ali, The Glory Years'', Felix Dennis and Don Atyeo, k. 258.</ref><ref>''[http://ringsidereport.com/?p=63321 The Last Flight of the Butterfly: Remembering Ali vs Spinks II]'', RingsideReport.com, Kevin "The Voice" Kincade, 22 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Sabada kameunanganna ieu, dina tanggal 27 Juli 1979, Ali ngabéwarakeun reureuhna tina tinju. Sanajan kitu, reureuhna téh teu lila, Ali ngabéwarakeun rék balik deui pikeun nyanghareupan [[Larry Holmes]] pikeun sabuk [[WBC]] dina raraga meunangkeun juara kelas beurat kaopat kalina. Panitén tinju, Richie Giachetti nyarita, “Larry teu hayang tarung ngalawan Ali. Manéhna nyaho yén Ali geus leungiteun pangabisa; hal ieu bakal jadi pikakeueungeun.” Nya wanci-wanci harita pisan Ali mimiti teu béntés dina ngomong sarta leungeunna ngeleper.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/21/us/muhammad-ali---fast-facts/ "''Muhammad Ali Fast Facts''"]. CNN. Diaksés tanggal 20 Pébruari 2013.</ref> Komisi Atlétik Nevada (singk. Inggris NAC) maréntahkeun sangkan Ali ngalakonan heula tés pisik kumplit di Las Vegas méméh ngijinan pikeun tarung deui. Ali malah milih pikeun dicék di Klinik Mayo, nu nyatakeun yén dirina bisa tarung. Opini maranéhna katampa ku NAC dina tanggal 31 Juli 1980, ngajalanan Ali keur mulang deui kana ring.<ref>Koch, Ed. [http://www.lasvegassun.com/muhammad-ali/timeline/ "''Timeline: Fifty years of Las Vegas memories for Muhammad Ali''"]. ''Las Vegas Sun''. Diaksés 12 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Patarungan lumangsung dina tanggal 2 Oktober 1980 di Landeuh Las Vegas, sarta Holmes sacara gampang nguntupan Ali nu rada leuleus purah pangobatan tiroid nu dilakonan ku manéhna pikeun ngurangan beurat awakna. Giachetti nyebutkeun patarungan éta téh “sadu...panggoréng-goréngna kagiatan olahraga nu kungsi ditungkulan ku kuring.” Aktor [[Sylvester Stallone]] harita aya di sagigireun ring sarta nyarita yén harita téh kawas lalajo jalma nu masih hirup kénéh keur diotopsi.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> Dina ronde kasabelas, Angelo Dundee maréntahkeun wasit pikeun ngeureunkeun patarungan, sakali-kalina Ali nandangan kasoran kucara dieureunkeun. Tarung ngalawan Holmes disebut-sebut geus ngilu nyumbang kana sindrom Parkinson Ali.<ref>Hale, Mike (26 Oktober 2009). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/arts/television/27muhammad.html "''Boxing King Casts His Shadow, Even at Time of Defeat''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 5 Maret 2012.</ref> Sanajan loba paménta sangkan reureuh, Ali tanding sakali deui dina tanggal 11 Désémber 1981 di Nassau, [[Bahama]], ngalawanan [[Trevor Berbick]], sarta éléh angka dina sapuluh ronde.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1870&dat=19810816&id=9_EwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_uAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2603,113296&hl=en "''Ali to try again?''"]. ''The Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal''. Associated Press. 16 Agustus 1981. Diaksés tanggal 4 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2199&dat=19811212&id=XKUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gOcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3700,2405394&hl=en "''It's all over for Ali after loss''"]. ''Lawrence Journal-World''. Associated Press. 12 Désémber 1981. Diaksés tanggal 4 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Nack, William (December 21, 1981). [https://www.si.com/vault/1981/12/21/826243/not-with-a-bang-but-a-whisper-after-losing-to-trevor-berbick-a-subdued-muhammad-ali-softly-admitted-that-his-illustrious-career-had-come-to-an-end "''Not with a bang but a whisper''"]. ''Sports Illustrated''. Diaksés 4 Juni 2016.</ref> Nepi ka tungtung karir tinjuna, Ali geus nampanan 200.000 teunggeulan.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21730621-downfall-tragic-rebellious-hero-new-biography-muhammad-ali "''A new biography of Muhammad Ali''"]. ''The Economist''. 26 Oktober 2017.</ref> == Kahirupan pribadi == === Rumah tangga sarta barudakna === '''Anak-anak Muhammad Ali''' Jeung Belinda Boyd * Maryum (lahir 1968) * Jamilah (lahir 1970) * Rasheda (lahir 1970) * Muhammad, Jr. (lhir 1972) Jeung Patricia Harvell * Miya (lahir 1972) Jeung Wanda Bolton * Khaliah (lahir 1972) Jeung Veronica Porché * Hana (lahir 1976) * Laila (lahir 1977) Jeung Yolanda Williams * Asaad (adopsi 1986) Ali kawin opat kali katambah kawin siri dua kali sarta boga tujuh anak awéwé jeung dua anak lalaki. Ali dikenalkeun ka pramusaji ''cocktail'' Sonji Roi ku Herbert Muhammad sarta tuluy nanyaan Sonji sabada apél kahiji. Maranéhna rarabi kira-kira sabulan ti harita dina tanggal 14 Agustus 1964.<ref>Micklos, John Jr. (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wjeaQAmQ0FMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA54#v=onepage&f=false Muhammad Ali: "I Am the Greatest"]''. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers. k.&nbsp;54. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-7660-3381-8</bdi>.</ref> Maranéhna paraséa alatan Sonji nolak pikeun nerapkeun pakéan jeung perilaku islamis sarta tuluy ngamasalahkeun pangajaran Elijah Muhammad. Numutkeun Ali, “Manéhna teu daék milampah naon nu kudu dipilampah. Manéhna maké lipensetip; indit ka bar; maké pakéan nu némbongkeun orat jeung teu matut.”<ref>Hauser, Thomas (2012). ''Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times''. Open Road Integrated Media. k.&nbsp;252. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-4532-4119-6</bdi>.</ref> Rumah tanggana teu ngabogaan anak sarta maranéhna cerai dina tanggal 10 Januari 1966. Pas méméh prosés ceréyna réngsé, Ali ngirim Sonji hiji tulisan: “Anjeun geus nukerkeun surga ku naraka.”<ref>Hauser, Thomas (2012). ''Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times''. Open Road Integrated Media. k.&nbsp;288. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-4532-4119-6</bdi>.</ref> Ali ngadahup ka Belinda Boyd dina tanggal 17 Agustus 1967. Lahir ti hiji kulawarga Chicago sarta geus asup kana Nation of Islam, Belinda tuluy ngaganti ngaranna jadi Khalilah Ali, sanajan anggeur ari kulawarga jeung babaturan heubeulna mah masih ngageroan ku ngaran lilana. Maranéhna tuluy ngabogaan opat anak: pangarang jeung ''rapper'' Maryum<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=L7QDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38 "Muhammad Ali's Daughter, May May Ali, Writes Children's Book About His Boxing Career"]. ''Jet''. Vol.&nbsp;104 no.&nbsp;24. 8 Désémber 2003. kk.&nbsp;38–39. ISSN&nbsp;0021-5996 &#x2013; liwat Google Books.</ref> “May May” (lahir 1968), kembar dua Jamillah jeung Rasheda (lahir 1970) jeung Muhammad Ali, Jr. (lahir 1972). Ali cicing di Cherry Hill, [[New Jersey]], dina awal taun 1970-an.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00014057.html "''Ali's camp now a bed and breakfast''"]. ESPN. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012.</ref> Dina umur 32 taun dina taun 1974, Ali kawin siri ka Wanda Bolton nu umurna 16 taun (satuluyna ganti ngaran jadi Aaisha Ali) sarta jadi bapa tina budak awéwé lianna, Khalia (lahir 1974). Nalika masih kénéh rarabi jeung Belinda, Ali ngadahup ka Aaisha ku cara Islam nu teu meunang pangakuan hukum nu sah (mungguhing hukum Amérika). Numutkeun Khalia, Aaisha katut indungna nyicingan sasana latihan Dano Uncal bareng jeung Belinda katut barudakna.<ref name=":4">[http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/gossip/ali-daughter-tosses-book-ring-article-1.906525 "''ALI DAUGHTER TOSSES BOOK IN RING''"]. ''New York Daily News''.18 Maret 2001.</ref> Dina bulan Januari 1985 Aaisha nungtut Ali sacara hukum alatan teu mayar gono gini. Kasusna dibéréskeun ku kasatujuan Ali mayar nepi ka $200.000 waragad wali pikeun Khaliah.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/01/28/Former-three-time-heavyweight-boxing-champion-Muhammad-Ali-agreed-Tuesday/9145507272400/ "''Former three-time heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali agreed Tuesday ...''"] ''UPI''. 28 Januari 1986.</ref> Dina taun 2011 Khaliah nyaritakeun yén dirina yakin yén bapana nempo dirina minangka "hiji kasalahan".<ref name=":4" /> Ali ogé boga budak awéwé lianna, Miya (lahir taun 1972), tina kawin siri jeung Patricia Harvell.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150404103321/http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-muhammed-ali "Muhammed Ali ''Biography (sic)''"]. Lifetime. 23 Méi 2006. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-muhammed-ali asli] 4 April 2015. Diaksés 1 Méi 2006.</ref> Dina usum panas taun 1977, rumah tangga nu kaduana lekasan sarta Ali kawin ka Veronica Porché. Jeung Veronica Ali ngabogaan dua budak awéwé, Hana jeung [[Laila Ali]]. Dina taun 1986, Ali ceréy jeung Porché.<ref>[http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/10/muhammad-alis-ex-wife-reveals-details-about-their-secret-wedding "''Muhammad Ali's ex-wife reveals details about their secret wedding''"]. ''USA Today''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref> [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_and_wife_Lonnie.jpg|jmpl|Muhammad jeung Lonnie Ali, 2001]] Dina bulan Nopémber 1986, Ali rarabi ka Yolanda (“Lonie”) Williams. Maranéhna geus sosobatan ti taun 1964 di [[Lousiville]]. Babarengan maranéhna ngadopsi saurang budak lalaki, Asaad Amin nalika Asaad keur nincak umur lima taun.<ref>Allen, Nick (June 5, 2016), "Could Muhammad Ali's $80m fortune become subject of bitter legal battle?", ''The Daily Telegraph''.</ref> Kiiursti Mensah-Ali cumarita yén manéhna téh anak awéwé biologis Ali jeung Barbara Mensah, nu cenah geus huhubungan 20 taun ka tukang,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LjsDAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA32&ots=RrdTQGBInn&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q&f=false "''Muhammad Ali confesses illness put a stop to his 'girl chasing,' but his son is just starting''"]. ''Jet''. Vol.&nbsp;91 no.&nbsp;10. 27 Januari, 1997. kk.&nbsp;32–33. ISSN&nbsp;0021-5996. Diaksés 14 Maret 2017 &#x2013; liwat Google Books.</ref><ref>Miller, Davis (12 Séptémber 1993). [http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930912&slug=1720560 "''Still Larger Than Life – To Millions, Muhammad Ali Will Always Be The Champ''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610105241/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930912 |date=2022-06-10 }}. ''The Seattle Times''. Diaksés 5 Agustus 2009.</ref><ref>Laufenberg, Norbert B. (2005). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mzTW9Nitee4C&printsec=frontcover Entertainment Celebrities]''. Trafford Publishing. k.&nbsp;9. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-4120-5335-8</bdi>. Diaksés 5 Désémber 2010.</ref><ref>Bollinger, Rhett. [http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090611&content_id=5270622&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb "''Angels draft boxing legend Ali's son''"]. Major League Baseball. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> bari némbongkeun photo sarta ngajalankeun tés katurunan dina taun 1988. Ceuk manéhna, Ali daék tanggung jawab sarta ngarawat dirina, tapi sagala rupa hubungan kapegatkeun nalika Ali kawin ka Lonnie. Kiiursti nyaritakeun yén dirina masih sok hubungan jeung budak-budak Ali nu lianna. Sabada maotna Ali, Kiiursti datang sarta meunang ijin pikeun ngilu béla sungkawa.<ref>Bucktin, Christopher (13 Séptémber 2014). [https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/muhammad-alis-secret-daughter-begs-4256662 "''Muhammad Ali's secret daughter begs to see boxing legend one more time 'before he dies'''"]. ''Daily Mirror''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Ofori-Mensah (5Juni 2016). [http://omgvoice.com/news/kiiursti-mensah-ali/ "''6 Facts About Kiiursti Mensah Ali, Muhammed Ali's Ghanaian Daughter You Need To Know (sic)''"]. omgvoice.com. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Foster, Peter; Allen, Nick (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/04/muhammad-alis-tangled-love-life-leaves-troubled-legacy/ "''Muhammad Ali's tangled love life leaves troubled legacy''".] ''The Daily Telegraph''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Taun 2010, Osmon Williams maju ka hareup ngaku-ngaku minangka budak biologis Ali.<ref>[http://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/157579/Ali-s-alleged-lovechild-talks-to-tabloids "''Ali's alleged lovechild talks to tabloids''"]. ''The Daily Express''. 11 Pébruari 2010. Diaksés 15 Oktober 2016.</ref> Indungna Temica Williams (ogé katelah ku rebecca Holloway) kungsi ngagugat sacara hukum ka Ali di taun 1981 pikeun alesan serangan séksual, ngaku yén manéhna geus ngamimitian sapatemon jeung Ali ti saprak umur 12 taun kénéh, sarta anakna, Osmon (lahir taun 1977) dibapaan ku Ali.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/04/24/An-18-year-old-woman-has-filed-suit-seeking-3-million/3454356936400/ "''An 18-year-old woman has filed suit seeking $3 million ...''"] United Press International. 24 April 1981. Diaksés 27 Méi 2018.</ref> Manéhna tuluy ngaku yén Ali sabenerna geus nyokong kana kahirupan dirina tur budakna sacara finansial, tapi dieureunan sabada opat bulan. Kasusna lumangsung nepi ka taun 1986 sarta antukna digugurkeun alatan tuntutanna kahalang ku pangwatesan waktu.<ref>[http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/williams-v-ali/cw3BaicI?page=1 "''TEMICA WILLIAMS a/k/a Rebecca Jean Holloway, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MUHAMMAD ALI, Defendant-Appellee''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019000108/http://www.allcourtdata.com/law/case/williams-v-ali/cw3BaicI?page=1 |date=2016-10-19 }}. All Court Data. Diaksés 15 Oktober 2016.</ref> Ari ceuk Veronica mah, Ali ngaku boga hubungan jeung Williams, tapi teu percaya lamun Osmon téh anakna.<ref>Eig, Jonathan (2017). ''Ali: A Life''. London: Simon & Schuster. k.&nbsp;416. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1471155932</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;968294310.</ref> Ali tuluy cicing di [[Scottsdale]], [[Arizona]] bereng jeung Lonnie.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813104029/http://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2013/02/04/Brother-Muhammad-Alis-health-failing/UPI-72601359961200/ "''Brother: Muhammad Ali's health failing''"]. United Press International. Diarsipkeun ti nu [http://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2013/02/04/Brother-Muhammad-Alis-health-failing/UPI-72601359961200/ asli] 13 Agustus 2014. Diaksés tanggal 4 Séptémber 2014.</ref> Dina bulan Januari 2007 diwartakeun yén maranéhna rék ngajual imahna di [[Berrien Springs]], [[Michigan]] nu dibeuli di taun 1975<ref>Brewer, Dale (16 Séptémber 2018). [https://www.heraldpalladium.com/news/when-ali-was-king/article_b2f9f7b8-6988-57e1-a73f-78c2fdf67312.html "''When Ali was King''"]. ''The Herald-Palladium''. Diaksés 16 Séptémber 2018.</ref> sarta geus mareuli deui hiji imah di kiduleun [[Jefferson County]], [[Kentucky]] saharga $1.875.000.<ref>Shafer, Sheldon S. (5 Januari 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090325161651/http://www.greaterlouisville.com/content/community/FYI/pdf/files/ali%20will%20return%20home,%20buys%20louisville%20house.pdf "''Ali coming home, buys house in Jefferson County''"] (PDF). ''The Courier-Journal''. Diarsipkeun ti nu [http://www.greaterlouisville.com/content/community/FYI/pdf/files/ali%20will%20return%20home,%20buys%20louisville%20house.pdf asli] 25 Maret 2009. Diaksés 25 Januari 2007.</ref> Kadua imah éta dijarualan sabada Ali maot sarta Lonnie cicing di imah sésana di Landeuh Paradise, Arizona. Lonnie pindah kana agama Islam tina agama Katolik dina pangujung umur dua puluhan.<ref>Patricia Sheridan (3 Désémber 2007) "Patricia Sheridan's Sarapan Jeung ... Lonnie Ali" (Dina bahasa Inggris). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120118060129/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07337/838655-129.stm Diarsipkeun] 18 Januari 2012. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. Diaksés 28 Juli 2009.</ref> Budak awéwé Ali, Laila, mangrupa saurang tukang tinju profésional ti taun 1999 nepi ka 2007,<ref>[http://www.womenboxing.com/lailaali.htm "Laila Ali"]. Womenboxing.com. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012.</ref> sanajan saméméhna bapana teu panuju kana tinju awéwé. Di taun 1978, Ali nyarita “Awéwé teu dijieun pikeun kateunggeul dina pinareupna jeung beungeutna siga kitu... awakna teu dijieun pikeun kababuk beulah dieu [bari nunjuk dadana]. Kateunggeul dina pinareup....beurat... éta.<ref>[http://www.womenboxing.com/ali.htm "''Boxing''- Muhammad Ali"]. Womenboxing.com. 8 Juni 2001. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012.</ref> Kilangbara kitu, Ali nungkulan sababaraha laga tanding anakna.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/12/sports/othersports/laila-ali-with-her-father-watching-stays-undefeated.html "''Laila Ali, With Her Father Watching, Stays Undefeated''"]. ''New York Times''. 12 Juni 2005, Diaksés 26 Méi 2018.</ref> Budak awéwé Ali nu lianna, Hana, kawin ka patarung kelas manengah [[Bellator]], [[Kevin Casey]].<ref>Cepeda, Elias (4 Juni 2016). [http://www.foxsports.com/ufc/story/kevin-casey-will-fight-at-ufc-199-despite-passing-of-legendary-father-in-law-muhammad-ali-060416 "''Kevin Casey will fight at UFC 199 despite passing of father-in-law Muhammad Ali''"]. Fox Sports. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> === Agama jeung kayakinan === ==== Gabung jeung Nation of Islam ==== Ali nyaritakeun yén manéhna mimiti ngadéngé ngeunaan ''Nation of Islam'' (Bangsa Islam) nalika keur tarung di turnamén Asbok Émas di Chicago taun 1959 sarta munggaran ngahadiran pasamoan Nation of Islam di taun 1961. Manéhna tuluy hadir dina unggal pasamoan, sanajan nyumputkeun ilibiungna ti balaréa. Taun 1962, Clay patepung jeung [[Malcolm X]] nu tuluy jadi panungtun spiritual jeung pulitikna.<ref>Mitchell, Kevin (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/04/muhammad-ali-key-chapters "''From the Vietnam war to Islam – the key chapters in Ali's life''"]. ''The Guardian''. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Wanci tarung kahiji ngalawan Liston, anggota Nation of Islam, kaasup Malcolm X katempo di rombongan Ali. Hal ieu nungtun kana carita dina ''The Miami Herald'' saméméh patarungan pisan, yén Clay geus ngagabung kana Nation of Islam nu ampir-ampiran ngabalukarkeun lagana dibatalkeun. Dina artikelna ngutip kekecapan Cassius Clay Senior yén anakna geus biluk kana Muslim Urang Hideung nalika umur 18 taun.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19640207&id=XF4bAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-04EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5091,2145696 "''Muslim Charge Clams Up Clay''"]. ''The Pittsburgh Press''. 7 Februari 1964.</ref> [[Gambar:Elijah_Muhammad_and_Cassius_Clay_NYWTS.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Ali (katempo di tukang) dina hiji ceramah Elijah Muhammad di taun 1964.]] Kanyataanna, Clay mimitina ditolak pikeun asup ka ''Nation of Islam'' (harita remen disebut ogé Muslim Hideung) ku alatan karir tinjuna. Sanajan kitu, sanggeus meunangkeun gelar juara ti Liston di taun 1964, Nation of Islam leuwih tumarima sarta satuju pikeun ngabéwarakeun kaanggotaanna.<ref>Mitchell, Kevin (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/04/muhammad-ali-key-chapters "''From the Vietnam war to Islam – the key chapters in Ali's life''"]. ''The Guardian''. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Teu lila ti harita, dina tanggal 6 Maret, Elijah Muhammad nyieun biantara di radio nu nyatakeun yén Clay bakal diganti ngaranna jadi Muhammad (jalma nu kapuji) Ali (pangluhurna).<ref>Schwartz, Larry. [https://www.espn.com/sportscentury/features/00014063.html "''He is simply ... The Greatest''"]. ESPN. Diaksés 4 Maret 2018.</ref> Wanci-wanci harita, Ali pindah ka béh sisi kidul [[Chicago]] sarta pipindahan di sababaraha imah tapi teu kungsi jauh ti Masjid Maryam nu Nation of Islam atawa ti padumukan Elijah Muhammad. Manéhna cicing di Chicago salila kurang leuwih 12 taun.<ref>Steinberg, Neil (4 Juni 2016). [http://chicago.suntimes.com/sports/steinberg-for-a-time-ali-called-chicago-home "''For a time, Ali called Chicago home''"]. ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Ngan sababaraha jurnalis (paling kawentar nyaéta Howard Cosell) narima kana ngaran anyar Ali harita. Ali tuluy ngabéwarakeun: “Cassius Clay mah ngaran budak beulian kuring,” bari nambahkeun "Lain kuring nu milih, lain kuring nu hayang." Ngaranna heubeulna téh mangrupa ngaran saurang bulé tokoh émansipasi nu merjoangkeun hak-hak urang hideng.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p014mvdx "''History website, Muhammad Ali: "Cassius Clay is my slave name"''"]. BBC. Diaksés 2 Juli 2013.</ref><ref>[https://news.yale.edu/2016/06/09/muhammad-ali-originally-named-ardent-abolitionist-and-yale-alumnus-cassius-clay ''"Muhammad Ali originally named for ardent abolitionist and Yale alumnus Cassius Clay''."] <nowiki>http://news.yale.edu/</nowiki>. Susan Gonzalez. Tanggal 9 Juni 2016.</ref> Teu sieun patojaiah jeung tatanan urang bulé, Ali nyatakeun, “Kuring urang Amérika. Kuring bagéan nu ku aranjeun teu hayang diaku. Najan kitu, biasakeun. Hideung, percaya diri, songong; ngaran kuring, lain ngaran anjeun; agama kuring, lain agama anjeun; tujuan kuring, boga kuring; biasakeun.”<ref>[http://www.9news.com.au/world/2016/06/05/06/23/muhammad-ali-s-other-fight-for-civil-rights "''<nowiki/>'I am America': Muhammad Ali's fight for civil rights''"]. 9News, Australia. Agence France-Presse. 5 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Juni 2016. </ref> Sosobatan Ali jeung Malcolm X lekasan nalika Malcolm pisah ti Bangsa Islam dua minggu sabada Ali ngagabung, sedeng Ali tetap di Bangsa Islam.<ref>Handler, M. S. (9 Maret 1964). [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07E6DA1230E033A2575AC0A9659C946591D6CF "Malcolm X ''Splits with'' Muhammad"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 1 Agustus 2008.</ref> Ali ka hareupna nyarita yén nonggongan Malcolm téh mangrupa hiji kasalahan nu paling dipikaduhung pisan dina hirupna.<ref>Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Hana Yasmeen (16 Nopémber 2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=h6G-Cy5c0GgC The Soul of a Butterfly: Reflections on Life's Journey]''. Simon & Schuster. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-7432-6286-6</bdi>. Diaksés 4 Séptember 2016.</ref> Reureujeungan jeung Bangsa Islam, katut pamingpinna [[Elijah Muhammad]] katambah ku hiji guneman nu ngacap urang bulé minangka palaku pangbantéan ka urang Amérika Afrika ngajadikeun Ali bahan panyarékan saréréa. Bangsa Islam sacara umum geus ditempo ku urang bulé jeung urang Amérika Afrika minangka hiji separatis hideung “agama kangéwa” nu boga kacondongan kana kaheurasan. Ali boga kahariwang ngeunaan ngagunakeun pangaruhna pikeun ngedalkeun doktrin Bangsa Islam.<ref>Garcia, Courtney (6 Séptémber 2013). [http://thegrio.com/2013/09/06/trials-of-muhammad-ali-highlights-boxers-anti-war-opposition/ "''<nowiki/>'Trials of Muhammad Ali' highlights boxer's anti-war opposition''"]. theGrio. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2015.</ref> Dina hiji konferénsi préss, nekenkeun kana panolakanna kana Perang Viétnam, Ali nyatakeun, “Musuh kuring téh urang bulé, lain [[Viét Kong]] atawa urang Cina atawa urang Jepang.”<ref>Metz, Nina (31 Agustus 2013). [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-08-31/entertainment/ct-ae-0901-fall-movie-profile-20130831_1_muhammad-ali-opposer-chicago-director "''The trials of a Chicago director making Muhammad Ali doc''"]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Diaksés 31 Juli 2016.</ref> Tukang nulis Jerry Izenberg kungsi nyatetkeun yén, “Bangsa Islam geus jadi kulawarga Ali sarta Elijah Muhammad jadi bapana. Tapi aya hiji katojaiahan dina kanyataanna nyaéta nalika Bangsa Islam nggangap urang bulé minangka iblis, Ali malah ngabogaan batur urang bulé leuwih réa dibandingkeun karéréaan urang Amérika Afrika di Amérika mangsa harita, sarta tuluy lumangsung sapanjang karirna.<ref name="Hauser 2004">{{Harvnb|Hauser|2004}}</ref> ==== Asup kana Islam Sunni/Sufi ==== Dina otobiographina taun 2004, Ali ngakukeun yén dirina pindah kana aliran Sunni Islam alatan Warith Deen Muhammad, nu nuluykeun kapamingpinan Bangsa Islam nalika bapana, Elijah Muhammad tilar dunya, sarta ngajak sakabéh pangilu Bangsa Islam pikeun jadi panganut Islam Sunni.<ref>Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Hana Yasmeen (2013). ''The Soul of a Butterfly''. Simon & Schuster. k.&nbsp;85.</ref> Ali [[naék haji]] ka [[Mekah]] di taun 1972, dirina kailhaman ku cara nu sarua jeung Malcolm X, patepung jeung jalma-jalma ti rupa-rupa warna nu baréda ti sakuliah dunia geus méré manéhna wawasan nu béda sarta kasadaran spiritual nu leuwih gedé.<ref>[http://www.emel.com/article?id=109&a_id=1722&c=32 "''Muhammed Ali's Pilgrimage to Makkah (sic)''"]. ''Emel''. No.&nbsp;17. Pébruari 2006. Diaksés 4 Séptember 2016.</ref> Di taun 1977 manéhna nyarita yén, sabada dirina reureuh dina tinju, manéhna bakal ngabdikeun sésa hirupna pikeun “persiapan nyanghareupan Gusti” ku cara nulungan nu lian, nyieun amal, ngahijikeun jalma-jalma sarta ngabantu kana perdaméyan.<ref>Bryan, Chloe (4 Juni 2016). [http://mashable.com/2016/06/04/muhammad-ali-retirement-video/ "''Muhammad Ali had a thought-provoking response when asked about his retirement plans''"]. ''Mashable''. Diaksés 4 Séptember 2016.</ref> Manéhna naék haji deui dina taun 1988.<ref name=":5">Rajeev, K R (5 Juni 2016). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/Muhammad-Alis-visit-was-Kozhikodes-knockout-moment/articleshow/52597630.cms "''Muhammad Ali's visit was Kozhikode's knockout moment''"]. ''The Times of India''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Sabada [[serangan 11 Séptémber]] taun 2001, Ali nyatakeun yén “Islam téh agama daméy” sarta “heunteu nitah kana térorisme atawa maéhan jelema”, katut ogé “ambek yén dunia nempo sakelompok panganut Islam nu ngakibatkeun kana kaancuran ieu, tapi maranéhna téh lain muslim saéstuna. Maranéh téh rasis fanatik nu ngaku-ngaku muslim.” Dina bulan Désémber 2015, manéhna nyatakeun yén “Muslim sajati apal yén kaheurasan nu biadab ti nu ngaraku jihadis Islam patojaiah jeung naon nu jadi dasar utama agama urang”, sarta “Urang salaku umat Islam kudu ngalawan ka sing saha waé nu ngagunakeun agama Islam pikeun kapentinganna pribadi,” sarta “pamingpin pulitik kudu ngagunakeun posisina pikeun mawa kana pamahaman ngeunaan agama Islam sarta ngajelaskeun yén para pamateni nu salah tungtunan ieu geus méngkolkeun pandangan jalma tina agama Islam nu sabenerna.”<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/muhammad-ali-face-real-islam-160606040559103.html "''Muhammad Ali: The face of 'real Islam''<nowiki/>'"]. Al Jazeera. 6 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptember 2016.</ref> Dina kahirupan satuluyna, Ali kataji ku aliran [[Sufi]], nu ditémbongkeun dina otobiographina, ''Jiwa Kukupu''. Taun 2005-an, Ali asup kana aliran Islam Sufi.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/28/sport/muhammad-ali-five-things-boxing/ "''Muhammad Ali: Five things you never knew about the boxing legend''"]. ''CNN''. 28 April 2016. Diaksés 18 Nopémber 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/431161/champ-and-mr-x "''The Champ and Mr. X''"]. ''National Review''. 29 Pébruari 2016. Diaksés 18 Nopémber 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/06/04/muhammad-ali-america-s-first-muslim-hero.html "Muhammad Ali: ''America's First Muslim Hero''"]. ''Daily Beast''. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés 18 Nopémber 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/boxing/2016/03/02/family-faith-and-magic-tricks-my-40-year-friendship-with-muhamma/ "''Family, faith and magic tricks: My 40-year friendship with'' Muhammad Ali"]. ''The Telegraph''. 4 Maret 2016. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref> Numutkeun budak Ali, Hana Yasmeen Ali, nu ngilu ngarang Jiwa Kupu-Kupu jeung dirina, Ali kataji kana Sufi sabada maca buku [[Inayat Khan]] nu eusina ajaran Sufi.<ref>[http://www.onbeing.org/blog/omid-safi-muhammad-ali-unapologetically-black-unapologetically-muslim/8735 "''Muhammad Ali: Unapologetically Black, Unapologetically Muslim''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220165249/http://www.onbeing.org/blog/omid-safi-muhammad-ali-unapologetically-black-unapologetically-muslim/8735 |date=2016-12-20 }}. ''On Being''. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/islam/2005/02/muhammad-alis-new-spiritual-quest.aspx? "''Muhammad Ali's New Spiritual Quest''"]. ''Beliefnet''. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref> Ali tuluy pindah tina ajaran Sufi Alamin Inayat Khan sabada sawatara ahli Sunni-Sufi tradisional ngeritik pagerakanna minangka patojaiah jeung ajaran sabenerna tina Islam Sunni. Muhammad Ali meunang tungtunan ti ahli-ahli Islam Sunni saperti Mufti Agung Syria almarhum Asy-Syéh Ahmad Kuftaro, Hisham Kabbani, Imam Zaid Shakir, Hamzah Yusuf jeung Timothy J. Gianotti nu aya sagédéngeun Ali nalika poé panungtunganna sarta mastikeun yén pamakaman Ali dumasar kana tata cara jeung ritual Islam.<ref>[https://uwaterloo.ca/studies-in-islam/people-profiles/timothy-gianotti-0 "Timothy Gianotti – ''The Imam whose on Muhammad Ali's last days and funeral''"]. ''On Being''. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref><ref>[https://uwaterloo.ca/studies-in-islam/news/prof-gianotti-plans-muhammad-alis-funeral-and-memorial "Prof. Gianotti ''plans Muhammad Ali's funeral and memorial service''"]. ''On Being''. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 13 Désémber 2016.</ref> === Rencana réuni Beatles === Taun 1976, panemu Alan Amron jeung pangusaha Joel Sacher mimitraan jeung Ali pikeun ngapromosikeun Komite Internasional pikeun Réuni [[the Beatles]].<ref>COLUMBIA DAILY SPECTATOR [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19760617-01.2.11.3& Komite Internasional pikeun Réuni The Beatles] 17 Juni 1976. Diaksés 1 April 2018.</ref> Maranéhna ménta sakabéh pamuja Beatles di sakuliah dunia pikeun nyumbang sadolar saurangna. Ceuk Ali, ideuna téh lain keur nyiar kauntungan, tapi keur ngadegkeun badan internasional pikeun barudak miskin. “Duit ieu keur nulungan jalma-jalma di sakuliah dunya”, cenah. Manéhna nambahkeun, “Kuring mikaresep kana wirahma. Kuring baheula sok diajar musik maranéhna.” Ali nyaritakeun réuni the Beatles “bakal ngabagjakeun réa jelema.”<ref>BEATLES AGAIN Stan Mieses Desert Sun Newspaper 25 Januari 1977. Diaksés 1 April 2018.</ref> Para manten the Beatles teu kabita kana rencana éta, nembongkeun jawaban nu teu pati sumanget ka balaréa.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/44571778/ Can 200 Million Fans Reunite the Beatles] ''The Daily Herald'' 28 Januari 1977. Diaksés 1 April 2018.</ref> Réuni éta teu kungsi kajadian. == Perang Viétnam jeung nolak asup wajib militer == Musuh kaula nyaéta urang bule, lain Viét Kong atawa urang Cina atawa urang Jepang. Manéh lawan kuring nalika kuring hayang bébas. Manéh lawan kuring nalika kuring hayang kaadilan. Manéh lawan kuring nalika kuring hayang kasataraan. Manéh malah moal ngabélaan kuring di Amérika alatan agama kuring – ayeuna anjeun hayang sangkan kuring miang ka mana sarta ngilu perang, tapi anjeun moal ngabélaan kuring di dieu, di imah? – Ceramah Muhammad Ali nalika di pangbuangan ka sakumpulan mahasiswa kampus.<ref>Bercaw, Nancy; Ownby, Ted (eds.). ''The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 13: Gender''. k.&nbsp;291</ref> Ali kadaptarkeun dina kadinesan militer AS dina tepung taun ka-18-na sarta kaasupkeun dina kelas 1-A di taun 1962.<ref name=":6">Foley, Michael (2003), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20151016105806/http://uncpress.unc.edu/browse/page/337 Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance during the Vietnam War]'', University of North Carolina Press, ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-8078-5436-5</bdi>, diarsipkeun ti [http://uncpress.unc.edu/browse/page/337 nu asli] tanggal tanggal 16 Oktober 2015.</ref> Di taun 1964, manéhna diklasifikasi ulang minangka kelas 1-Y (cocog pikeun ngabdi ngan wungkul dina kaayaan darurat nasional) sabada gagal dina tés kualifikasi Angkatan Darat AS lantaran kamampuan maca jeung nulisna sahandapeun standar,<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=K7gzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PzIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=6900,3388922 "''Clay may be put into 1-A class today''"]. ''Lodi News-Sentinel''. United Press International. 10 Pébruari 1967. k.&nbsp;13.</ref> alatan [[disléksia]] téa.<ref name="Eig" /> (Manéhna kungsi nyarita, “Kuring pangpunjulna, lain pangpinterna!”).<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">Neel, Eric. "[http://espn.go.com/page2/s/neel/011221.html Kaca 2– Muhammad Ali ''from A to Z'']". ESPN. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Dina awal taun 1966, angkatan perang nurunkeun standarna sarta Ali kaasupkeun deui kana kelas 1-A.<ref name="greatath"/><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> Klasifikasi ieu ngandung harti yén Ali harita bisa kapilih sarta kadaptarkeun kana Angkatan Perang AS wanci AS keur ngilu aub dina [[Perang Viétnam]], hiji perang nu ngajadikeun dirina patelak jeung tatanan urang-urang bulé.<ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Randy (1991). Winning is the Only Thing: Sports in America Since 1945. Johns Hopkins University Press. kk. 171–172.</ref> Nalika nyaho kana statusna ieu, Ali ngedalkeun yén dirina bakal nolak ngabdi dina katentaraan sarta ka balaréa terang-terangan ngakukeun dirina jalma nu sacara sadar ngarasa beurat.<ref name="greatath"/> Ali nyatakeun: “Perang téh patojaiah jeung ajaran [[Qur’an]]. Kuring lain nyoba pikeun nyingkahan pangdaptaran. Urang teu sakuduna ngilu aub dina perang naon waé lintang nu diparéntahkeun ku Alloh atawa Nabi. Urang teu ngilu ilibiung dina perang urang Karisten atawa perang naon waé ti jalma-jalma nu teu airman.”<ref>Remnick, David (1998). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mErseIty9dwC King of the World: Muhammad Ali and the Rise of an American Hero]''. Random House. k.&nbsp;287. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-375-50065-7</bdi>.</ref> Manéhna nyatakeun ogé: “Kuring teu boga masalah jeung urang Viét Kong.” Ali ogé ngajéntrékeun: “Naha maranéhna ménta kuring sangkan maké saragam sarta miang sapuluh rébu mil jauhna pikeun muragkeun bom jeung pélor ka urang-urang Viétnam nu caroklat bari jeung naon nu disarebut négro ku maranéhna di Louisville diperlakukeun alabatan anjing sarta nolak kana hak-hak asasi manusa nu céték?”<ref>Haas, Jeffrey (1 Nopémber 2009). ''The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther''. Lawrence Hill Books. k.&nbsp;27. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-55652-765-4</bdi>.</ref> Ali ngalawan kana tatanan urang-urang bulé di taun 1966 ku cara nolak didaptarkeun kana militer AS ku alesan agama jeung kateupanujuanna kana ilibiungna AS dina Perang Viétnam.<ref name="HauserThomas">Hauser, Thomas. "[http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/civil-rights-movement/essays/importance-muhammad-ali The Importance of Muhammad Ali]". Institut Gilder Lehrman.</ref><ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Randy (1991). Winning is the Only Thing: Sports in America Since 1945. Johns Hopkins University Press. kk. 171–172.</ref> Dina tanggal 28 April 1967, Ali katempo di Houston ngahadiran jadwal pangdaptaranna ka Angkatan Perang AS, tapi nolak maju nalika dicalukan nepi ka tilu kalina. Saurang perwira ngingetan Ali yén manéhna geus ngalakukeun tindakan ngalanggar sarta bisa dihukum panjara nepi ka lima taunna tur denda $10.000. Sakali deui Ali teu nyumponan panggero sarta tuluy ditahan. Satuluyna poé harita kénéh Komisi Atlétik Nagara Bagéan New York nahan ijin tinjuna jeung nyabut gelarna. Komisi tinju lianna tuluy narurutan. Ali teu bisa meunangkeun ijin pikeun tinju di unggal nagara bagéan nepi ka tilu taunna.<ref>Reemstsma, Jean (1999). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc9tZ7IfUTEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=more+than+a+champion+prime#v=onepage&q=stronger&f=false More Than a Champion: The Style of Muhammad Ali]''. New York: Vintage. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-375-70005-7</bdi>. Diaksés 14 Maret 2012.</ref> Dina sidang pangadilan tanggal 20 Juni 1967, sabada ngan 21 menit sawala, juri nyatakeun Ali salah geus ngalakukeun tindakan kriminal naglanggar hukum Seleksi Pangabdian ku cara nolak asup wamil. Sabada naék banding kana kaputusan éta, kasusna ditempo ulang deui ku Pangadilan Tinggi AS di taun 1971.<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/403/698 "Cassius Marsellus CLAY, Jr. also known as Muhammad Ali, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES"]. ''LII / Legal Information Institute''.</ref> Ali bébas kénéh salila tilu taun mangsa putusan banding jeung sidang pangadilan tinggi. Ku obahna opini publik ngalawan kana perang sarta lumangsungna Pagerakan Hak Sipil pikeun ngumpulkeun dukungan, Ali jadi tukang biantara nu kawentar di kampus-kampus jeung universitas-universitas di sakuliah negeri; hal nu kaitung langka lamun saméméhna dirina lain tukang tinju profésional mah. Di Universitas Howard contona, Ali nepikeun pidatona nu kasohor,  “Urang Hideung Pangpunjulna” di hareupeun 4.000 mahasiswa jeung kaum inteléktual, sabada manéhna diundang ku Prof. Nathan Hare mungguhing Komite Kakuatan Urang Hideung, hiji kelompok mahasiswa pamoha.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919377-5,00.html ""The Greatest" Is Gone"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120918011542/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919377-5,00.html |date=2012-09-18 }}. ''Time''. February 27, 1978. k.&nbsp;5. Diaksés 4 Agustus 2007.</ref> Dina tanggal 28 Juni 1971, Pangadilan Tinggi Amérika Sarikat dina kasus Clay lawan Amérika Sarikat ngabatalkeun dakwaan ka Ali ku putusan buleud 8-0 (Hakim Thurgood Marshall mundurkeun manéh alatan manéhna  jadi jaksa panungtut wanci Ali didakwa).<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/403/698 "Cassius Marsellus CLAY, Jr. also known as Muhammad Ali, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES. | LII / Legal Information Institute"]. Law.cornell.edu. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Putusanna lain teu boga dasar, kaunggulan klaim Ali datang ku soranganna; malah, ti awal sidang, Pangadilan teu boga alesan pikeun nolak tuntutan dispénsasi kabeuratan sacara sadar Ali sarta nyimpulkeun yén putusan banding Ali bisa diandelkeun, ku kituna dakwaan ka Ali kudu dibatalkeun.<ref>[https://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1970/1970_783 "Clay v. United States | The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law"]. Oyez.org. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> === Dampak tina panolakan wajib militer Ali === Tuladan Ali ngailhaman mangpirang-pirang urang Amérika hideung tur nu séjénna. Kolumnis ''the New York Times'', William Rhoden nulis, “Kalakuan Ali geus ngarobah kana standar kuring ngeunaan naon nu ngawangun kaagungan saurang atlét. Ngabogaan luncatan maut jeung kamampuan pikeun eureun ngadadak geus teu cukup deui. Naon nu ku anjeun dipilampah pikeun ngabébaskeun bangsa anjeun? Naon nu ku anjeun dipilampah pikeun ngabantu nagara anjeun pikeun nanjeurkeun komitmen prinsip-prinsip ti para pangadeg nagri?”<ref name="nytimes1"/> Nginget-nginget kana pusisi anti perang Ali, [[Kareem Abdul Jabbar]] nyarita: “Kuring inget guru-guru di sakola luhur teu mikaresep ka Ali lantaran manéhna sakitu anti kamapanan sarta mangrupa jalma nu teu mikahormat jeung teu paduli ka pihak nu nyepeng kawenangan. Faktana, manéhna téh saurang jalma hideung sarta ngabogaan bakat nu sakitu réana… ngakibatkeun sababaraha jalma mikir yén manéhna téh jalma nu ngabahayakeun. Tapi ku alesan éta kuring jadi mikaresep dirina.”<ref>[http://digital.wustl.edu/e/eii/eiiweb/abd5427.5952.001kareemabdul-jabbar.html "''Interview with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar''"]. Digital.wustl.edu. 3 Maret 1989. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Tokoh-tokoh hak-hak sipil yakin yén Ali geus méré tanaga pikeun pagerakan kabébasan sacara kasaluruhan. Al Sharpton nyaritakeun wawanén Ali dina wanci masih kénéh gedé dukungan kana Perang Viétnam. “Pikeun juara dunia kelas beurat, nu geus meunangkeun tingkat selebritas olahraga pangluhurna, narohkeun sagalana–duit, pangaruh– keur dikorbankeun pikeun hiji alesan, nu geus méré legitimasi nu saéstuna pikeun pagerakan...Manéhna apal yén bakal dibui, tapi anggeur kénéh milampah hal éta. Nu kitu téh mangrupa tingkatan nu lianna tina kapamingpinan jeung pangorbanan.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-36450806 "''Muhammad Ali: The man who changed his sport and his country''"]. BBC. 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali dileler ku [[Panghargaan Martin Luther King]] taunan dina taun 1970 ku pamingpin hak-hak sipil, Ralph Abernathy, nu nyebut dirina “saurang toladan hirup tina kakuatan jiwa, Parade Washington (ed. wangun protés taun 1963) dina wangun dua peureup.” Coretta Scott King nambahkeun yén Ali téh minangka “hiji juara dina kaadilan, kadaméyan jeung kasahijian.”<ref>Ezra, Michael (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Gh3rtDyeSAIC&pg=PA82 "''Muhammad Ali's Main Bout: African American Economic Power and the World Heavyweight Title''"]. ''Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon''. Temple University Press. k.&nbsp;82. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>9781592136612</bdi>.</ref> Nyaritakeun karugian Ali ku nolakna asup wajib militer, palatih Angelo Dundee nyarita, “Hiji hal nu jadi pangbeuratna nyaéta: Taun-taun punjulna geus dirampog, taun-taun kajayaanna.”<ref>[http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/7470417/muhammad-ali-was-continues-greatest "''Dundee: Ali was, still is 'The Greatest'''"]. ESPN. 17 Januari 2012. Diaksés 5 Nopémber 2013.</ref> Bob Arum harita teu ngadukung Ali. Kadieunakeun, Arum nyatakeun yén “nalika kuring nempo ka tukang dina kahirupanna, kuring ngarasa reueus bisa ngakukeun sobat sarta babarengan dina waktu nu réa, beurat pikeun kuring mun kudu nyaritakeun kadigjayaan tinjuna sabab jalma-jalma harita ngalemahkeun pangaruh dirina pikeun dunia,” sarta “Manéhna geus milampah naon nu dianggap bener ku manéhna. Kanyataanna manéhna mémang bener sarta kuring nu salah.”<ref>Whitcomb, Dan [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-ali-arum/former-ali-promoter-bob-arum-recalls-boxers-impact-on-society-idUSKCN0YR01R?mod=related&channelName= "''Former Ali promoter Bob Arum recalls boxer's impact on society''"], Reuters, 5 Juni 2016. Diaksés 15 Séptémber 2018.</ref> Panolakan Ali kana wamil dicaritakeun deui dina pilem dokuménter taun 2013, ''Pangadilan Muhammad Ali''.<ref>Rapold, Nicolas (22 Agustus 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/23/movies/trials-of-muhammad-ali-traces-alis-battle-over-vietnam.html "''One of His Biggest Fights Was Outside of the Ring''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 29 Agustus 2016.</ref> === NSA jeung FBI nyérangkeun komunikasi Ali === Dina hiji operasi rahasiah nu disebut “Minaret”, ''the National Security Agency'' ([[NSA]]) / Agénsi Kaamanan Nasional, nyadap guneman urang-urang Amérika nu aronjoy, kaasup Ali, Sénator Frank Church jeung Howard Baker, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., jurnalis AS nu kaceluk, sarta jalma-jalma séjénna nu maido kana perang AS di Viétnam.<ref>Zirin, Dave (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/06/the-hidden-history-of-muhammad-ali/ "''The Hidden History of Muhammad Ali''"]. ''Jacobin''. Diaksés 17 April 2017.</ref><ref name=":8">Pilkington, Ed (26 Séptémber 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/26/nsa-surveillance-anti-vietnam-muhammad-ali-mlk "''Declassified NSA files show agency spied on Muhammad Ali and MLK''"]. ''The Guardian''. Diaksés 16 April 2017.</ref> Hiji panyawangan ulang ku NSA ngeunaan program Minaret nyimpulkeun saéstuna hal éta téh mangrupa “goréng lampah lamun teu bisa disebut ngalanggar hukum mah.”<ref name=":8" /> Dina taun 1971, [[Tarung Abad Ieu]]-na ngalawan Frazier geus méré bahan pikeun sakumpulan aktipis, Komisi Warga pikeun Maluruh [[FBI]], keur ngabolékérkeun palanggaran di kantor FBI di [[Pennsylvania]], ku medarkeun operasi COINTELPRO nu kaasup di jerona lampah paniténan illegal ka para aktipis nu kabaud dina pagerakan hak-hak rahayat jeung anti perang. Salah saurang target COINTELPRO nyaéta Ali, nu mana FBI meunangkeun aksés kana catetan kahirupanna ti saprak di SD kénéh; salah sahiji catetanna nyebutkeun yén Ali mikacinta seni wanci keur leutikna.<ref>Medsger, Betty (6 Juni 2016). [https://theintercept.com/2016/06/06/in-1971-muhammad-ali-helped-undermine-the-fbis-illegal-spying-on-americans/ "''In 1971, Muhammad Ali Helped Undermine the FBI's Illegal Spying on Americans''"]. ''The Intercept''. Diaksés 17 April 2017.</ref> == Karir di dunia hiburan == === Dunia peran === Ali nyieun peran kaméo dina pilem taun 1962, ''Requiem for a Heavyweight'', ogé wanci pangbuanganna tina tinju, manéhna jadi béntang dina pilem musikal pondok Broadway taun 1969, ''Buck White''. Manéhna ogé minton dina pilem dokuménter ''Black Rodeo'' (1972) nunggang boh kuda boh banténg. Otobiographina, ''The Greatest: My Own Story'' (''Pangpunjulna: Dongéng Sorangan''), ditulis ku Richard Durham, medal di taun 1975.<ref name=":9">Ali, Muhammad; Durham, Richard (Oktober 1975). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EkfhAAAAMAAJ The Greatest: My Own Story]''. New York: Random House. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-394-46268-4</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;1622063.</ref> Dina taun 1977, buku éta dijieun pilemna make judul ''The Greatest'', di mana Ali maén minangka dirina sarta Ernest Borgnine merankeun Angelo Dundee. Pilem ''Freedom Road'', nu dijieun taun 1978, mintonkeun Ali dina peran langka minangka Gideon Jackson, manten budak beulian jeung soldadu Sarikat (Perang Sodara Amérika) di taun 1870-an di Virginia, nu kapilih jadi Sénat AS sarta patelak jeung manten budak beulian lianna nu jadi patani maro bareng jeung urang bulé, pikeun mertahankeun lemahna nu geus ditempatan salila hirupna. === Kekecapan nu puitis jeung musik ''rap'' === Ali remen cumarita ngawirahma jeung puitis, boh keur sakacampleng nalika tinju atawa keur puisi pulitik di saluareun tinju. Manéhna maénkeun hiji peran dina ngawangun tradisi puisi urang hideung, mangnarataskeun jalan keur ''The Last Poets'' di taun 1968, Gil Scott-Heron di 1970 sarta medalna musik ''rap'' di taun 70-an.<ref name="nytimes2">{{Cite news|last=Gates|first=Henry Louis Jr.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/09/opinion/muhammad-ali-the-political-poet.html|title=Muhammad Ali, the Political Poet|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 9, 2016|access-date=September 4, 2016}}</ref> Numutkeun ''[[The Guardian]]'', “sababaraha jalma boga pamadegan yén Ali téh minangka ''[[rapper]]'' munggaran.”<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/jun/06/muhammad-ali-influence-rap-golden-age "''Muhammad Ali's influence ran deep through rap's golden age''"]. ''The Guardian''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Taun 1963, Ali medalkeun albeum wirahma kecap carita ti Rékaman Columbia nu judulna, ''I Am the Greatest'' sarta di taun 1964 Ali ngarékam vérsi ''cover'' tina kawih ''rhytm and blues'' “''Stand by Me''.”<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTlN6pU01K0 "Song ''Stand By Me'', ''recorded in 1964 by Muhammad Ali, then known as Cassius Clay''"]. YouTube. 13 Désémber 2008. Diaksés 20 Pébruari 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.secondhandsongs.com/performance/80810 "''Different versions of 'Stand By Me'''"]. Secondhandsongs.com. Diaksés 20 Pébruari 2013.</ref> ''I Am the Greatest'' kajual 500.000 kopi sarta geus dianggap minangka conto awal tina [[musik rap]] jeung panglulugu tina [[hip hop]].<ref>Tinsley, Justin (8 Juni 2016). [https://theundefeated.com/features/muhammad-ali-i-am-the-greatest-album/ "''The Grammy-nominated'' Cassius Clay"]. ''The Undefeated''.</ref><ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/muhammad-ali-worlds-greatest-boxer-was-also-hip-hop-pioneer-20160604 "Muhammad Ali: ''Famed Pugilist Was Also Hip-Hop Pioneer''"]. ''Rolling Stone''. 4 Juni 2016.</ref> Hasil ngahontal paringkat ka-61 dina tangga lagu sarta dinominasikeun pikeun ''[[Grammy Award]]''. Ali tuluy meunangkeun deui nominasi Grammy nu kadua kalina pikeun “Rékaman Lagu Budak Pangpunjulna”, ku rékaman cacaritaan nu pikaresepeun taun 1976, ''The Adventure of Ali and His Gang vs. Mr. Tooh Decay.''<ref name="rollingstone2" /> Ali mangrupa tokoh dina dunia musik [[hip hop]]. Minangka “jalma nu murwakanti”, manéhna kaceluk ku “ngalagena”, “songong”, “kecap-kecap runtah komikal”<ref name="rollingstone1"/> jeung “teu reureuh ngaluarkeun kekecapan nu bisa dikutip.” Numutkeun majalah ''Rolling Stones'', “kamampuan sakarepna” sarta “wirahma, alur jeung gedé omong” bakal “dina hiji mangsa jadi tipikal MC sakola heubeul” contona [[Run-D.M.C.]] jeng [[LL Cool J.]] sarta “égona nu kaleuleuwihi ngalangkang di [[Kanye West]], sedeng kasadaran Afroséntrisna jeung katerusteranganna nunjuk kana panyanyi-panyanyi puitis modern saperti [[Rakim]], [[Nas]], [[Jay-Z]] jeung [[Kendrick Lamar]].”<ref name="rollingstone2" /> “Kuring gulat jeung buaya, kuring ocon jeung lauk paus, kuring ngaborgol kilat jeung manjarakeun guludug. Manéh nyaho kuring téh jahat. Karak minggu Kamari kuring maéhan karang, natuan batu, ngirim bata ka rumah sakit. Kuring sakitu curalingna, nepi ka obat gé dijieun garering.”<ref>[https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/440864-i-ve-wrestled-with-alligators-i-ve-tussled-with-a-whale-i "''A quote by Muhammad Ali''"]. ''www.goodreads.com''.Diaksés 19 April 2019.</ref> “Ngalayang siga kukupu, nyeureud alabatan nyiruan. Leungeunna bisa neunggeul naon nu ku panonna teu katempo. Kadang kuring katempo, kadang hanteu. George nyangka manéhna bakal mampuh, tapi kuring nyaho yén manéhna moal.”<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/boxing/2016/06/03/muhammad-ali-best-quotes-boxing/85370850/ "''30 of Muhammad Ali's best quotes''"]. ''USA TODAY''. Diaksés 19 April 2019.</ref> Ali nyarita kawas nu can pernah diomongkeun ku nu séjén saméméhna. Sakitu pinuh ku kayakinan dina naon anu ku dirina disebut: lancar, lemes, kréatif jeung nyingsieunan. Manéhna tukang tinju sarta saurang aktifis, tapi ogé boga peran dina mangaruhan naon nu kiwari disebut minangka budaya lokal, hip-hop. Di taun 2006, pilem dokuménter ''Ali Rap'' dipedalkeun ku [[ESPN]]. [[Chuck D]], saurang ''rapper'' pikeun band [[Public Enemy]] minangka pamawa acarana.<ref>Berry, Ben (9 Juni 2016). [http://thesource.com/2016/06/09/the-10-best-muhammad-ali-references-in-hip-hop/ "''The 10 Best Muhammad Ali References In Hip Hop''"]. ''The Source''. Diaksés 19 April 2019.</ref> ''Rapper'' lianna nu biantara dina pilem dokuménter éta kaasup [[Doug E Fresh]], [[Ludacris]] jeung Rakim nu kabéhanna ngaatasnamakeun Ali. Ali kasebut-sebut minangka inspirasi ku para ''rapper'' saperti [[LL Cool J]],<ref name="rollingstone1"/> [[Chuck D]] ti [[Public Enemy]],<ref>[https://theundefeated.com/features/muhammad-ali-the-original-rapper/ "Muhammad Ali: ''The original rapper – Legendary emcee Chuck D of Public Enemy talks Ali's impact on hip-hop''"]. ''The Undefeated''. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> [[Jay-Z]], [[Eminem]], Sean Combs, Slick Rick, Nas jeung MC Lyte. Ali karujuk dina sajumlah lagu hip hop, kaasup di antarana, lagu Migos “Fight Night”, The Game “Jesus Pierce”, Nas “The Message”, [[The Sugarhill Gang]] “Rapper’s Delight”, theFugees “Ready or Not”, EPMD “You’re a Customer” jeung [[Will Smith]] “Getting Jiggy with It”.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/jay-z-eminem-and-more-hip-hop-luminaries-remember-muhammad-ali/ "Jay Z, Eminem ''and more hip-hop luminaries remember'' Muhammad Ali"]. CBS News. 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> === Pintonan télévisi === Patarungan Muhammad Ali kaasup kana sawatara siaran télévisi nu panglobana dilalajoanan di dunia, nyatetkeun rékor pamiarsa tivi panglobana. Patarunganna nu pangréana ditongton nyatetkeun kira-kira 1-2 juta pamiarsa di sakuliah dunya antara taun 1974 jeung 1980 sarta mangrupa siaran télévisi pangréana ditongton mangsa harita.<ref name=":3" /> Di saluareun tinju, Ali nyieun ogé réa pintonan lianna. Tabel di handap ieu ngabéréndélkeun gambaran pamiarsa tina pintonan di saluareun tinju. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" |+ !Tanggal !Siaran !Wilayah !Panongton !Sumber |- |17 Oktober 1971 |''Parkinson'' (seri1, episode 14) |Karajaan Inggris |12.000.000 |<ref name="parkinson">{{Cite news|title=Michael Parkinson:'I loved Ali ... but he was a hypocrite'|work=Mail Online|date=November 26, 2016|quote=They met four times in the studio between 1971 and 1981 ... Parky the cool inquisitor, whose Saturday-night chat show was a national institution attracting 10 million viewers, and Ali, the funny, eloquent fighter who added another two million to the audience when he appeared.}}</ref> |- |25 Januari 1974 |''Parkinson'' (seri 3, episode 18) |Karajaan Inggris |12.000.000 | |- |7 Désémber 1974 |''Parkinson'' |Karajaan Inggris |12.000.000 | |- |28 Maret 1977 | Academy Awards ka-49 |Amérika Sarikat |39.719.000 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/reference/academy-awards-show-ratings/|title=Academy Awards Show Ratings|website=[[TV By The Numbers]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008211435/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/reference/academy-awards-show-ratings/ |date=2016-10-08 }}</ref> |- |25 Désémber 1978 |''This Is Your Life'' ("Muhammad Ali") |Amérika Sarikat |60.000.000 |<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hauser|first=Thomas|title=Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times|date=2012|publisher=[[Anova Books]]|isbn=9781907554902|page=431|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7K6-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT431}}</ref> |- |24 Okrovwe 1979 |''Diff'rent Strokes'' ("Arnold's Hero") |Amérika Sarikat |41.000.000 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sitcomsonline.com/diffrentstrokesseason2dvdreview.html|title=Diff'rent Strokes - The Complete Second Season DVD Review|website=Sitcoms Online|accessdate=September 1, 2018}}</ref> |- |17 Januari 1981 |''Parkinson'' (seri 10, episode 32) |Karajaan Inggris |12,000,000 | |- | rowspan="2" |9 Juli 1996 | rowspan="2" |Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics opening ceremony |Sakuliah dunya |3.500.000.000 |<ref name="Hajeski">{{Cite book|last=Hajeski|first=Nancy J.|title=Ali: The Official Portrait of "The Greatest" of All Time|date=2013|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781607109839|page=293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ClZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA293}}</ref> |- |Amérika Sarikat |209.000.000 |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Toff|first=Benjamin|title=Olympics Ratings Set Record|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/26/arts/26arts-OLYMPICSRATI_BRF.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 25, 2008}}</ref> |- |4 Januari 2007 |''Michael Parkinson's Greatest Entertainers'' |Karajaan Inggris |3.630.000 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barb.co.uk/viewing-data/weekly-top-30/|title=Weekly top 30 programmes|publisher=[[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board]]|accessdate=September 1, 2018}}</ref> |- |9 Juni 2016 |Upacara paturay tineung Muhammad Ali |Sakuliah dunya |1.000.000.000 |<ref name="alicenter">{{Cite web|url=https://alicenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016-Annual-Report-FINAL_spreads.pdf|title=ANNUAL REPORT 2016|publisher=[[Muhammad Ali Center]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203175252/https://alicenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016-Annual-Report-FINAL_spreads.pdf |date=2020-12-03 }}</ref> |- ! !Total PAnongton !Sakuliah dunya !4.692.349.000 ! |} == Taun-Taun satuluyna == Di taun 1984, Ali didiagnosis kakeunaan ku sindrom Parkinson, hiji panyakit nu kadang-kadang  dihasilkeun tina trauma dina sirah alatan kaheurasan aktifitas pisik saperti tinju.<ref name="nytimes"/><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/22/sports/sports-people-ali-leaves-hospital-vowing-take-better-care-himself-get-more-sleep.html "''Ali Leaves Hospital Vowing to take better care of himself and get more sleep''"]. ''The New York Times''. 22 Séptémber 1984. Diaksés 9 Maret 2009.</ref><ref>Friedman, J. H. (1989). "''Progressive parkinsonism in boxers''". ''Southern Medical Journal''. '''82''' (5): 543–546. doi:10.1097/00007611-198905000-00002. PMID&nbsp;2655100.</ref> Harita Ali masih bisa kénéh aktif, masih bisa jadi wasit tamu dina [[WrestleMania I]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605013012/http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/history/wm1/celebrities/ "WrestleMania I: ''Celebrities''"]. Wwe.com. 31 Maret 1985. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/history/wm1/celebrities/ asli] tanggal 5 Juni 2011. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012. </ref><ref>McAvennie, Mike (17 Januari 2007). [http://www.wwe.com/inside/news/archive/alibday "''Happy Birthday to 'The Greatest''<nowiki/>'"]. WWE.com. Diaksés 16 Pébruari 2009.</ref> [[Gambar:Ali_argentina_1971.jpg|ka|jmpl|Ali di hiji galeri seni nalika nganjang ka Argéntina di taun 1971.]] Ali kawéntar minangka saurang humanitarian<ref name=":10">[https://news.sky.com/story/muhammad-ali-handed-humanitarian-honour-10470033 "''Muhammad Ali Handed Humanitarian Honour''"]. ''Sky News''. 14 Séptémber 2012.</ref> jeung dermawan.<ref>[https://www.theodysseyonline.com/tribute-muhammad-ali-athlete-philanthropist-legend "''A Tribute To Muhammad Ali: The Athlete, Philanthropist And Legend''"]. ''Odyssey''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.biography.com/people/muhammad-ali-9181165 "Muhammad Ali"]. ''Biography.com''. 18 Januari 2018.</ref> Manéhna suhud kana ngajalankeun tugas agama Islamna ku [[sodakoh]] jeung amal hadé, nyumbangkan jutaan ka organisasi amal jeung jalma-jalma nu teu mampu ti unggal kasang tukang agama. Diperkirakeun Ali geus nulungan leuwih ti 22 juta jalma nu kalaparan di sakuliah dunya.<ref>Christopher, Paul J.; Smith, Alicia Marie (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=81mybCXNstAC&pg=PA20 Greatest Sports Heroes of All Times: North American Edition]''. Encouragement Press, LLC. k.&nbsp;20. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>9781933766096</bdi>.</ref> Ali datang ka Afrika dimimitian di taun 1964, nalika manéhna nganjang ka [[Ghana]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36469288 "''In pictures: Muhammad Ali's love affair with Africa''"]. ''BBC News''. 9 Juni 2016.</ref> Taun 1974, Ali ngadatangan kémp pangungsi [[Palestina]] di [[Libanon Kidul]], di mana Ali nyatakeun “ngadukung kana perjuangan Palestina pikeun ngabébaskeun lemah caina.”<ref name=":11">Zirin, Dave (8 Juni 2016). [http://www.thenation.com/article/andrew-cuomo-would-have-blacklisted-muhammad-ali/ "''Andrew Cuomo Would Have Blacklisted Muhammad Ali''"]. ''The Nation''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 1978, sabada éléh ku Spinks jeung saméméh males meunang dina tanding ulang, Ali ngadatangan [[Bangladesh]] jeung narima kawarganagaraan kahormatan di dinya.<ref>Rahman, Mizan (6 Juni 2016). [http://www.gulf-times.com/story/497055/Muhammad-Ali-s-forgotten-land-in-Bangladesh "''Muhammad Ali's forgotten land in Bangladesh''"]. ''Gulf Times''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina taun nu sarua, Ali ilibiung dina Leumpang Pangjauhna (''The Longest Walk''), hiji pawéy protés di Amérika Sarikat dina raraga ngadukung kana hak-hak urang pribumi Amérika, babarengan jeung panyanyi [[Stevie Wonder]] sarta aktor [[Marlon Brando]].<ref>Schilling, Vincent (4 Juni 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160821134332/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2016/06/04/greatest-muhammad-ali-walks-164692 "''<nowiki/>'The Greatest' Muhammad Ali Walks On''"]. Indian Country Today Media Network. Diarsipkeun tinu [http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2016/06/04/greatest-muhammad-ali-walks-164692 asli] tanggal 21 Agustus 2016, Diaksés tanggal 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 1980, Ali direkrut ku Présidén [[Jimmy Carter]] kana hiji misi diplomatik ka Afrika dina raraga ngolo sajumlah pamaréntahan Afrika pikeun biluk kana ngaboykot [[Olimpiade Moskow]] nu dipingpin ku AS (minangka wawales kana [[serangan Soviét ka Afghanistan]]). Numutkeun nu nulis biographi Ali, Thomas Hauser, “dina alusna, éta téh konsép nu salah; dina goréngna, hiji bencana diplomatik.” Pamaréntahan [[Tanzania]] ngarasa kahina ku ketak Charter nu geus ngirimkeun saurang atlét pikeun hiji masalah pulitik nu seurieus. Salah saurang pajabatna nyindiran naha bakal pamaréntah AS ngirimkeun [[Chris Evert]] pikeun badami jeung London. Pamustunganna, Ali ngan ditarima ku menteri pamuda jeung budaya tibatan ku Présidén Julius Nyerere. Ali teu bisa ngajelaskeun naha nagara-nagara Afrika kudu ngiluan kana boykot AS padahal AS teu ngilu ngarojong kana boykot Afrika dina [[Olimpiade taun 1976]] (dina raraga protés kana pulitik [[Apartheid]] di [[Afirka Kidul]]), ogé Ali teu nyadar yén Uni Soviét geus ngarojong kana pagerakan révolusi populer di Afrika. Ali nyerah, “Maranéhna teu ngabéjaan kuring ngeunaan hal éta di Amérika”, sarta kuciwa alatan Charter geus ngirimkeun dirina “ka sabudeureun dunya bari mawa dominasi kawijakan AS.”<ref>Hauser 2004, k. 397</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/06/muhammad-ali-diplomat-213941 "''Muhammad Ali’s Strange, Failed Diplomatic Career''"], by Michael Ezra, ''Politico Magazine'', 5 Juni 2016. Diaksés 1 April 2019.</ref> Pamaréntah [[Nigeria]] ogé nolak dirina sarta mastikeun yén nagara éta bakal ngiluan dina laga di Moskow. Ali, najan kitu, hasil ngayakinkeun pamaréntahan [[Kénya]] pikeun ngilu ngaboykot Olimpiade.<ref>Cuddihy, Martin (9 Juni 2016). [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-09/muhummad-ali-is-remembered-by-africa/7495452 "''Muhammad Ali: Africa remembers the boxing legend''"]. ABC News (Australia). Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina tanggal 19 Januari 1981, di [[Los Angeles]], Ali ngupah ngapéh saurang jalma nu rék maéhan manéh ku cara luncat ti lantéy salapan hiji wangunan, kajadian éta jadi warta nasional.<ref>Levin, Josh (4 Juni 2016). [http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2016/06/the_time_muhammad_ali_stopped_a_man_from_leaping_to_his_death.html "''The Time Muhammad Ali Stopped a Man From Leaping to His Death''"]. ''Slate''.</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19810119&id=CRJPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nAIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6956,2319132&hl=en "''Ali Talks Would-Be Jumper Off Ninth-Floor Fire Escape''"]. The Blade / Associated Press. 20 Januari 1981.</ref> [[Gambar:MuhammadAliundRonaldReagan.jpg|ka|jmpl|Présidén [[Ronald Reagan]] jeung Ali di Kantor Oval di taun 1983.]] Taun 1984, Ali ngabéwarakeun dukunganna pikeun kapilih deuina Présidén AS [[Ronald Reagan]]. Nalika ditanya ngeunaan pangrojongna ka Reagan, Ali nyarita ka wartawan, “Manéhna ngajaga sangkan Gusti tetep aya di sakola, sakitu gé cukup.”<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/03/us/campaign-notes-muhammad-ali-switches-his-support-to-reagan.html "''CAMPAIGN NOTES; Muhammad Ali Switches His Support to Reagan''"]. ''The New York Times''. UPI. 3 Oktober 1984. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 1984.</ref> Taun 1985, Ali nganjang ka Israél rék ménta dibébaskeunna tahanan Muslim di kémp panahanan Atlit, nu ku Israél teu ditedunan.<ref>[http://archive.jta.org/1985/06/28/archive/muhammad-ali-steps-into-ring "''Muhammad Ali Steps into Ring''"]. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 28 Juni 1985. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 1987, Yayasan Dua Abad California pikeun Konstitusi AS milih Ali keur jadi tuladan pikeun pentingna Konstitusi AS jeung [[Piagem Hak Asasi]]. Taun hareupna Ali ngilu nunggang dina Pasanggiri Parade Eros, medalkeun pangéling-ngéling 200 taun Konstitusi AS.<ref name=":12">[https://constitutioncenter.org/calendar/muhammad-ali-2012-liberty-medal-ceremony "''Muhammad Ali 2012 Liberty Medal Ceremony''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118064736/https://constitutioncenter.org/calendar/muhammad-ali-2012-liberty-medal-ceremony |date=2018-01-18 }}. National Constitution Center. Diaksés 17 Januari 2018.</ref> Taun 1998, wanci gerakan [[Intifadah Kahiji]], Ali ngilu dina hiji pawéy di [[Chicago]] dina raraga ngadukung Palestina.<ref name=":11" /> Dina taun éta kénéh Ali miang ka [[Sudan]] pikeun ningkatkeun kapadulian ngeunaan kateugenahan korban-korban nu kalaparan.<ref>Khaled, Ali (4 Juni 2016). [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/sports/2016/06/04/How-Muhammad-Ali-became-a-sporting-hero-to-the-Arab-world.html "''How Muhammad Ali became a sporting hero to the Arab world''"]. Al Arabiya. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 1989, Ali ngiluan dina kagiatan amal [[India]] baréng jeung Masarakat Pangatikan Muslim di [[Kozhikode]], Kerala, baréng jeung aktor Bollywood, [[Dilip Kumar]].<ref name=":5" /> [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_1997.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Ali di taun 1997]] Taun 1990, Ali miang ka Irak saméméh kajadian [[Perang Teluk]] sarta nepungan [[Saddam Hussein]] dina usahana pikeun nanawar kana pangbébasan sandera AS. Ali hasil ngabébaskeun para sandera ku cara ngajanjian Hussein yén manéhna bakal mawa Amérika kana “lampah nu jujur” ka Irak. Sanajan hasil ngabébaskeun sandera, Ali meunang kritik ti Présidén [[George H. W. Bush]], diplomat Joseph C. Wilson jeung ''The New York Times''.<ref>Callahan, Maureen (29 Nopémber 2015). [https://nypost.com/2015/11/29/the-tale-of-muhammad-alis-goodwill-trip-to-iraq-that-freed-us-hostages/ "''How Muhammad Ali secured the release of 15 US hostages in Iraq''"]. ''New York Post''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.heroism.org/class/1970/ali.html "Muhammad Ali"]. Heroism.org. 17 Januari 1942. Diaksés 5 Désémber 2010.</ref><ref>Brian Becker (10 Juni 2016). [http://www.answercoalition.org/i_was_with_muhammad_ali_on_his_hostage_release_trip_to_iraq_and_the_media_has_it_all_wrong "''I was with Muhammad Ali on his hostage-release trip to Iraq — and the media has it all wrong''"]. ANSWER Coalition. Diaksés 1 Juli 2018.</ref> Ali medalkeun hiji sajarah oral, ''Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times'' ku Thomas Hauser di taun 1991. Taun 1994, Ali ngajujurung pamaréntah AS sangkan ngabantuan ka para pangungsi nu dialatankeun ku pangbantéyan [[Rwanda]], sarta nyumbang ka organisasi-organisasi nu nulungan para pangungsi Rwanda. Dina taun 1996, Ali meunang kahormatan pikeun nyeungeut obor [[Olimpiade 1996]] di [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia]]. Harita ditongton ku kira-kira 3,6 miliar panongton di sakuliah dunya.<ref name="Hajeski"/> Dina tangal 17 Nopémber 2002, Ali miang ka Afghanistan minangka “Kurir Perdaméyan [[PBB]].”<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20021213180823/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=5382&Cr=Muhammad&Cr1=Ali "''UN Messenger of Peace Muhammad Ali arrives in Afghanistan''"]. UN News Centre. 13 Désémber 2002. Diarsipkeun tinu [https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=5382&Cr=Muhammad&Cr1=Ali asli] tanggal tanggal 13 Désémber 2002. Diaksés 29 Januari 2012.</ref> Manéhna cicing di Kabul pikeun hiji misi niat hadé salila tilu poé minangka tamu husus PBB.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100316125459/http://www.life.com/image/1647010?epmid=1 "''Muhammad Ali visits Kabul''"]. Getty Images. Diarsipkeun ti nu [http://www.life.com/image/1647010?epmid=1 asli] 16 Maret 2010. Diaksés 20 Méi 2008.</ref> Tanggal 1 Séptémber 2009, Ali nganjang ka Ennis, Conty Clare, Irlandia, asal muasal buyutna, Abe Grady, nu migrasi ka AS di taun 1860 nu antukna netep tumetep di [[Kentucky]].<ref>McDonald, Brian (12 Agustus 2009). "''Fightin' talk as Ennis awaits Muhammed Ali (sic)''". ''Irish Independent''. Diaksés 26 Agustus 2009.</ref> Tanggal 27 Juli 2012, Ali jadi pamawa kahormatan bandera Olimpiade nalika upacara bubuka [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 2012]] di London. Ali dibantuan ku pamajikanna, Lonnie, sangkan bisa cengkat sahareupeun bandera, ku alatan Parkinsonna, Ali teu bisa mawa bandera ka stadion.<ref>Wilson, Stan (28 Juli 2012). [http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/27/sport/olympics-muhammad-ali/index.html "''Muhammad Ali returns to the Olympic stage, once again, in London''"]. CNN. Diaksés 29 Juli 2012.</ref> Dina taun éta kénéh Ali dilleler ku Medali Kabébasan Philadelphia minangka pangakuan usaha kaaktifanna, kadermawananna jeung kamanusaanna nu geus sakitu lilana.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":10" /> Taun 2014 Ali nyieun tweet-an nu ngadukung Trayvon Martin jeung pagerakan Kahirupan Urang Hideung Miboga Harti.<ref>[http://qz.com/701272/remembering-muhammad-alis-legacy-as-a-radical-and-peaceful-muslim/ "''Remembering Muhammad Ali's legacy as a radical, and peaceful, Muslim''"]. ''Quartz''. 7 Juni 2016.</ref> === Panghasilan === Dina taun 1978, total panghasilan Ali diperkirakeun ampir $60 jutana<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/123074668/ "''Corporal Spinks, you're the greatest!''"]. ''The Age''. 17 Pébruari 1978.</ref> (mun diakurkeun jeung inflasi sarua jeung $312 juta), kaasup kira-kira $47,45 juta panghasilan kasar antara taun 1970 nepi ka 1978.<ref name=":13">[https://books.google.com/books?id=c0IDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA53 "''Muhammad Ali's Finances A Puzzle To News Media; 'I'm Broke,' He Quips''"]. ''Jet''. Johnson Publishing Company. '''54''' (4): 53. 13 April 1978.</ref> Dina taun 1980, total panghasilan tina tandingna kira-kira nepi ka $70 juta<ref name=":14">[http://people.com/archive/his-lifestyle-his-ex-wives-his-expensive-entourage-they-explain-why-ali-took-an-8-million-beating-vol-14-no-16/ "''His Lifestyle, His Ex-Wives, His Expensive Entourage: They Explain Why Ali Took An $8 Million Beating''"]. ''People''. 20 Oktober1980.</ref> (diakurkeun jeung inflasi sarua jeung $332 juta). Taun 1978, Ali balaka yén manéhna “bangkrut” sarta sababaraha sumber warta ngabéjakeun yén babandaanna ngan tinggal $3,5 juta (diakurkeun jeung inflasi $13 juta). Dunia préss neumbleuhkeun pangorotan hartana kana sababaraha faktor, kaasup itungan pajak nu saheunteuna satengah tina panghasilanna, manajemen méakkeun sapertilu tina panghasilanna,<ref name=":13" /> gaya hirup sarta pangaluaran kulawarga, amal jeung kapentingan-kapentingan agama.<ref name=":14" /> Taun 2006, Ali ngajual ngaran jeung gambar dirina pikeun $50 juta,<ref>Burkeman, Oliver (13 April 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/13/usa.sport "''Ali, the Greatest, sells his name and image for $50m''"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> nu sabada ku ''[[Forbes]]'' ditaksir bandana aya kana $55 juta di taun 2006.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/53/39A3.html "''Muhammad Ali, The Top 100 Celebrities''"]. ''Forbes Celebrity 100''. Forbes. 2006. Diaksés 10 Méi 2018.</ref> Sabada maotna di taun 2016, kakayaan Ali diperkirakeun antara $50 juta nepi ka $80 juta.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/muhammad-ali-s-name-likely-rake-cash-years-come-n587086 "''Muhammad Ali's Name Likely to Rake in the Cash for Years to Come''"]. ''NBC News''. 7 Juni 2016.</ref> === Kasehatan nu ngorotan === Alatan [[Parkinson]], kaséhatan Ali tuluy-tuluyan ngorotan, najan kitu Ali masih kénéh aktif dina awal-awal taun milenium, ngapromosikeun pilem biographina, ''Ali'', di taun 2001. Taun éta ogé Ali nyumbangkeun hiji ségmén kaméra pikeun konsér amal ''America: A Tribute to Heroes''.<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=102292 "''60 Million Watch America: A Tribute to Heroes''"]. ABC News. 23 Séptémber 2001. Diaksés 17 Januari 2018.</ref> [[Gambar:0522_ma_big_(cropped1).jpg|ka|jmpl|Ali jeung Michael J. Fox nyieun kasaksian di hareupeun hiji komite Sénat dina raraga panyayagaan dana pamaréntah pikeun merangan Parkinson.]] Taun 1998, Ali mimiti gawé bareng jeung aktor [[Michael J. Fox]], nu sarua ngabogaan panyakit Parkinson, keur ningkatkeun kasadaran sarta nyiar dana pikeun ubarna. Maranéhna hadir babarengan di saharapeun Kongrés pikeun neken kasusna di taun 2002. Taun 2000, Ali réréongan jeung Yayasan Michael J. Fox keur Panyakit Parkinson dina raraga ningkatkeun kasadaran jeung ngarojong sumbangan pikeun panalitian.<ref>Bulman, May (5 Juni 2016). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/muhammad-ali-dead-michael-j-fox-tribute-parkinsons-disease-common-fight-a7066416.html "''Muhammad Ali dead: Michael J Fox pays tribute to fellow Parkinson's disease sufferer and their 'common fight'''"]. ''The Independent''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina bulan Pébruari 2013, dulur Ali, Rahman Ali, nyarita yén Muhammad geus teu bisa deui cumarita sarta kamungkinan bakal maot dina sababaraha poé deui.<ref>Chasmar, Jessica (3 Pébruari 2013). [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/feb/3/brother-muhammad-ali-could-be-dead-days/ "''Brother: Muhammad Ali 'could be dead in days'''"]. ''The Washington Times''. Diaksés Séptémber 2016.</ref> Budak awéwé Ali, May May nimbal kana rumor éta, nyatakeun yén manéhna geus ngobrol jeung Ali liwat telepon dina tanggal 3 Pébruari isuk-isuk sarta Ali teu kua kieu.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-400_162-57567369/muhammad-alis-daughter-father-watching-super-bowl-not-near-death/ "''Muhammad Ali's daughter: Father watching Super Bowl, not near death''"]. CBS News. 5 Pébruari 2013. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina tanggal 20 Désémber 2014, Ali di ka rumah sakitkeun alatan [[pneumonia]] hampang.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141221093217/http://www.nujournal.com/page/content.detail/id/761659/Muhammad-Ali-hospitalized-with-pneumonia.html?isap=1&nav=5036 "''Muhammad Ali hospitalized with pneumonia''"]. ''The Journal''. Associated Press. Diarsipkeun tanggal 21 Désémber 2014, Diaksés 21 Désémber 2014.</ref> Ali asup deui ka rumah sakit dina tanggal 15 Januari 2015 alatan inféksi saluran uriner sabada kapanggih ngabigeu di hiji imah pangistirahatan di [[Scottsdale]], [[Arizona]].<ref>Bucktin, Christopher (16 Januari 2015). [https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/boxing/boxing-legend-muhammad-ali-intensive-4987518 "''Boxing legend Muhammad Ali in hospital after being found 'unresponsive' at his home''".] ''The Mirror''. Diaksés 16 Januari 2015.</ref> Ali kaluar ti rumah sakit dina poé isukna.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150120224903/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/sports/ali-out-of-hospital-in-time-for-73rd-birthday/ar-AA8g057?ocid=ansspafp11 "''Ali out of hospital in time for 73rd birthday''"]. MSN. Diarsipkeun ti nu [https://web.archive.org/web/20150120224903/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/sports/ali-out-of-hospital-in-time-for-73rd-birthday/ar-AA8g057?ocid=ansspafp11 asli] 20 Januari 2015. Diaksés 17 Januari 2015.</ref> == Tilar dunya == Ali dikarumahsakitkeun deui di Scottsdale, Arizona dina tanggal 2 Juni 2016, ku alatan panyakit pernapasan. Najan kondisina mimitina mah dianggap “lumayan”, kanyataanna kalah leuwih parah sarta dirina tilar dunya dina poé isukna dina umur 74 taun ku alatan ''septic shock''.<ref>Martin, Jill (2 Juni 2016). [http://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/02/us/muhammad-ali-hospitalized-with-respiratory-issue/ "''Muhammad Ali hospitalized with respiratory issue''"]. ''CNN''. Diaksés 3 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/US/muhammad-ali-dies-greatest-boxer-dead-74/story?id=18391211 "Muhammad Ali ''Dies: 'The Greatest' Boxer Dead at 74''"]. ''ABC News''. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Lipsyte, Robert (3 Juni 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/04/sports/muhammad-ali-dies.html "Muhammad Ali ''Dies at 74: Titan of Boxing and the 20th Century''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 3 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>Schuppe, Jon (4 Juni 2016). [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/sports/muhammad-alis-hometown-louisville-honors-late-boxer-our-inspiration-n585816 "Muhammad Ali ''Died of Septic Shock, Will Be Honored at Public Funeral: Spokesman''"]. ''NBC News''. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> === Liputan warta jeung panghargaan === Sabada maotna, Ali jadi topik pangraména nomer hiji dina Twitter salila 12 jam sarta dina Facebook pikeun sababaraha poé. [[BET]] mintonkeun dokuménterna ''Muhammad Ali: Buatan Miami''. [[ESPN]] mintonkeun acara bébas iklan nu ngabahas Ali. Jaringan warta saperti [[ABC News]], [[BBC]], [[CNN]] jeung [[Fox News]] ogé midangkeun dirina sacara réa. Ali dipikasedih sacara global, juru wicara kulawarga nyaritakeun yén kulawargana “yakin yén Muhammad téh warga dunia ... sarta maranéhna nyadar yén dunia sarua ngilu sedih.” Pulitisi saperti [[Barack Obama]], [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Bill Clinton]], [[Donald Trump]], [[David Cameron]] jeung réa-réa deui mére panghormatan keur Ali. Ali ogé nampa sajumlah panghormatan ti para olahragawan dunia kaasup [[Michael Jordan]], [[Tiger Woods]], [[Floyd Mayweather]], [[Mike Tyson]], [[the Miami Marlins]], [[LeBron James]], Steph Curry jeung réa-réa deui. Walikota Lousiville, Greg Fischer nyatakeun, “Muhammad Ali mémang milik dunia. Tapi manéhna ngan ngabogaan hiji kota asal.”<ref>[http://www.columbian.com/news/2016/jun/04/ali-citizen-of-the-world/ "''Ali: 'Citizen' of the world''<nowiki/>'"]. ''Columbian''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Dina poéan maotna Ali, [[UFC]] méré panghargaan pikeun Ali dina kagiatan UFC 199 ku mangrupa hiji pakét vidéo panjang, muji Ali pikeun jasa-jasana sarta inspirasina ka sababaraha juara UFC.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/ufc-199-invades-the-la-forum-honors-boxing-legend-muhammad-ali/amp/ "UFC 199 ''Invades LA Forum, Honors Boxing Legend'' Muhammad Ali"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805080747/https://www.thewrap.com/ufc-199-invades-the-la-forum-honors-boxing-legend-muhammad-ali/amp/ |date=2020-08-05 }}. ''TheWrap.com''. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés 16 Januari 2020.</ref> === Pangéling-ngéling === Vidéo Éksternal [https://www.c-span.org/video/?410916-1/memorial-service-muhammad-ali-19422016 "Muhammad Ali Memorial Service"], C-SPAN Pamakaman Ali geus direncanakeun ku dirina sarta nu lianna ti sababaraha taun méméh kajadianna.<ref>Schreiner, Bruce; Galofaro, Claire (7 Juni 2016). [http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/will-smith-lennox-lewis-among-pallbearers-for-muhammad-ali-who-scripted-his-funeral-in-his-final-days "Will Smith, Lennox Lewis ''among pallbearers for'' Muhammad Ali, ''who scripted his own funeral in final days''"]. ''nationalpost.com''. Diaksés 31 Juli 2016.</ref> Pamulasaraan dimimitian di Lousiville dina tanggal 9 Juni 2016 ku solat janazah di ''Freedom Hall'' di ruang handap Puseur Pameran Kentucky. Dina tanggal 10 Juni 2016, prosési pamakamanna ngaliwatan jalan-jalan di Louisville semet ka réngsé di Pamakaman Cave Hill di mana janazahna direureuhkeun heula nalika upacara pribadi. Tetenggerna dicirian ku pananda granit nu basajan nu ngan maké tulisan ngaranna wungkul. Hiji acara pangéling-ngéling umum dilumangsungkeun di Gedong KFC Yum! Louisville dina wanci pasosoré tanggal 10 Juni.<ref>[http://wfpl.org/muhammad-ali-buried-louisville-friday/ "Muhammad Ali ''To Be Buried In Louisville Frida''y"]. WFPL. 4 Juni 2016. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>"''Muhammad Ali's funeral to be watched worldwide by billions''". India.com. 5 Juni 2016. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160609165705/http://www.whas11.com/news/local/muhammad-ali-islamic-funeral-prayer-service-jenazah-scheduled-at-freedom-hall/234230429 "Muhammad Ali ''Islamic Funeral Prayer Service'' Jenazah ''scheduled at Freedom Hall''"]. WHAS-TV. 6 Juni 2016. Diarsipkeun ti [http://www.whas11.com/news/local/muhammad-ali-islamic-funeral-prayer-service-jenazah-scheduled-at-freedom-hall/234230429/ nu asli] tanggal 9 Juni 2016. Diaksés 9 Juni 2016.</ref> Nu ngangkat petina kaasup [[Will Smith]], [[Lennox Lewis]] jeung [[Mike Tyson]], sarta pangangkat kahormatan di antarana [[George Chuvalo]], [[Larry Holmes]] jeung [[George Foreman]]<ref>Litman, Laken (10 Juni 2016). [http://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/06/will-smith-mike-tyson-pallbearers-muhammad-ali-funeral "Will Smith, Mike Tyson ''among those serving as pallbearers at Muhammad Ali's funeral | For The Win''"]. ''ftw.usatoday.com''. Diaksés 31 Juli 2016.</ref>.Upacara pangéling-ngéling Ali ditongton ku kira-kira samilyar pamiarsa di sakuliah dunya.<ref name="alicenter"/> == Paninggalan == [[Gambar:Muhammad_Ali_and_President_Bush.jpg|ka|jmpl|Bari disérangkeun ku Nyonya Lonnie Ali, Présidén [[George W. Bush]] ngarangkul Muhammad Ali sabada ngaleler dirina ku Madali Kabébasan Présidénsial dinat tanggal 9 Nopémber 2005, dina acara upacara di Gedong Putih.]] Muhammad Ali geus ngéléhkeun sakabéh jago kelas beurat dina mangsana, nu disebut-sebut minangka mangsa kaemasan di dunia tinju kelas beurat. Ali dileler ku sebutan “Patarung Taun Ieu” ku majalah ''[[The Ring]]'' leuwih mineung batan patarung séjénna sarta leuwih loba kabaud dina “Patarungan Taun Ieu” ''Ring'' batan nu séjénna. Ali kaasupkeun dina [[Balé Kahormatan Tinju Internasional]] sarta ogé dina tujuh Balé Kahormatan lianna. Ali minangka salah sahiji tina ngan tilu-tiluna tukang tinju nu katelah ku “[[Olahragawan Taun Ieu]]” ku ''Sports Illustrated''. Taun 1978, tilu taun méméh reureuhna, Anggota Déwan Lousiville di kota asalna, Louisville, Kentucky, milih 6-5 pikeun ngaganti ngaran Jalan Walnut ku Muhammad Ali Boulevard. Hal ieu, harita dianggap kontrovérsial, dina jero 12 minggu tujuh tanda ngaran jalan leungit ku nu maok. Awal taun éta, hiji komite di Sakola Umum Wilayah Jefferson (Kentucky), nimbang-nimbang pikeun ngaganti ngaran almamater Ali, Sakola Luhur Séntral, dina raraga ngahargaan Ali, tapi wacana ieu gagal jadi kanyataan. Ku majuna waktu, Muhammad Ali Boulevard – sarta Ali sorangan – antukna ditarima kalayan hadé di kota tempat asalna.<ref>Hill, Bob (19 Nopémber 2005). "Ali ''stirs conflicting emotions in hometown''". ''The Courier-Journal''. k.&nbsp;K5.</ref> Dina taun 1993, the ''Associated Press'' ngalaporkeun yén Ali ipis pisan posisina jeung [[Babe Ruth]] minangka atlét pangkawentarna, tina leuwih ti 800 atlét nu hirup kénéh atawa nu geus maot di Amérika. Panalitian manggihan yén 97% urang Amérika nu umurna leuwih ti 12 taun arapaleun boh ka Ali boh ka Ruth.<ref>Wilstein, Steve, Associated Press, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1957&dat=19930517&id=XZYxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RuEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1249,4781703 "''Retton, Hammill most popular American athletes in United States: poll''"]; ''The Daily Gazette'', 17 Méi 1993.</ref> Ali téh panampa [[Panghargaan Sumanget Arthur Ashe]] taun 1997. Di taun 1999, majalah Time ngasupkeun Ali kana 100 Jalma Paling Penting di Abad 20.<ref>Quittner, Joshua (14 Juni 1999). [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html "Ali—''Time 100 People of the Century''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308133259/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,26473,00.html |date=2013-03-08 }}. ''Time''.</ref> Dileler ku [[Olahragawan Abad Ieu]] ku ''Sports Illustrated''.<ref>[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/features/cover/news/1999/12/02/awards "''Sports Illustrated honors world's greatest athletes''"]. CNN. 3 Désémber 1999.</ref> Meunangkeun gelar Pribadi Olahraga Abad Ieu dina poll BBC, manéhna meunang sora leuwih réa dibanding sora pasaing-pasaingna lamun dihijiekun (kaasup [[Pele]], [[Jesse Owens]] jeung [[Jack Nicklaus]]).<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/561352.stm "''Ali crowned Sportsman of Century''"]. ''BBC Sport''. 13 Désémber 1999. Diaksés 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Dina tanggal 13 Séptémber 1999, Ali meunang gelar "Atlét Kentucky Abad Ieu" ti Balé Kahormatan Atlétik Kentcuky dina hiji upacara di Gedong Galt Wétan.<ref>Spears, Marc J. (14 Séptémber 1999). [http://courier-journal.newspapers.com/image/110892451/?terms=Show%2Bstops%2Bwhen%2Bthe%2Bchamp%2Barrives%2Bfor%2Bawards%2Bdinner "Ali: ''The Greatest of 20th century; Show stops when the champ arrives for awards dinner''"]. ''The Courier-Journal''.</ref> Tanggal 8 Januari 2001, Muhammad Ali dileler ku Madali Warga Nagara Présidénsial ku Présidén [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120801215612/http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html "''President Clinton Awards the Presidential Citizens Medals''"]. ''Today at The White House''. Arsip jeung Catatan Administrasi Nasional. 8 Januari 2001. Diarsipkeun ti [http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html nu asli] tanggal 1 Agustus 2012. Diaksés tanggal 5 Juni 2016.</ref> Bulan Nopémber 2005, Ali nampa [[Madali Kabébasan Présidénsial]] ti Présidén [[George W. Bush]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306114811/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051103-5.html "''Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients''"]. White House Press Secretary. 3 Nopémber 2005. Diarsipkeun ti [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051103-5.html nu asli] tanggal 6 Maret 2008. Diaksés 20 Méi 2008.</ref><ref>[http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=2219166 "B''ush presents Ali with Presidential Medal of Freedom''"]. ESPN. 14 Nopémber 2005. Diaksés 16 Pébruari 2009.</ref> dituturkeun ku [[Madali Perdaméyan Otto Hahn]] dina wangun Emas ti Asosiasi PBB Jérman (DGVN) di Bérlin pikeun usahana baréng jeung pagerakan hak-hak sipil sarta jeung PBB nu ditampa ku dirina dina 17 Désémber 2005.<ref>[http://www.seattletimes.com/sports/briefs-ali-to-receive-otto-hahn-medal-today-in-berlin/ "''Briefs: Ali to receive Otto Hahn Medal today in Berlin''"]. ''The Seattle Times''. 17 Désémber 2005. Diaksés 5 Juni 2016.</ref> [[Gambar:AliCenter.jpg|jmpl|Puseur Muhammad Ali di sisi jalan nagara bagéan 64 di Louisville, Kentucky béh sisi leuwi.]] Tanggal 19 Nopémber 2005 (poé tepung taun rarabina Ali ka-19), Gedong non-profit Séntral Muhammad Ali saharga $60 juta dibuka di tengah kota Louisville. Dina raraga pikeun midangkeun pangéngéling tinjuna, séntra éta ngan suhud dina téma-téma inti perdaméyan, tanggung jawab sosial, kahormatan jeung pamekaran pribadi. Tanggal 5 Juni 2007, Ali nampa gelar doktor honoris pikeun kamanusaan dina upacara wisuda ka-260 di Universitas Princeton.<ref>Ryan, Joe (5 Juni 2007). [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2007/06/boxing_legend_ali_gets_princet_1.html "''Boxing legend Ali gets Princeton degree''"]. ''The Star-Ledger''. Diaksés 5 Juni 2007.</ref> Mol Ali, nu pernahna di Séntra Araneta, Kota [[Quezon]], Philipina, dingaranan maké ngaran dirina. Pangwangunan mol éta, nu munggaran dina jinisna, dimimitian teu lila sabada Ali meunangkeun tanding ngalawan Joe Frazier di taun 1975 di Koloseum Araneta nu teu pati jauh ti dinya. Mol éta dibuka di taun 1976 sarta Ali ngaluuhan dina acara pangbukaanna.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160902164449/http://www.aranetacenter.net/2008/archiveAlimallComeback.php "''Ali Mall: First Ever Shopping Mall Makes A Comeback''"]. Séntra Araneta. Diarsipkeun ti [http://www.aranetacenter.net/2008/archiveAlimallComeback.php nu asli] tanggal 2 Séptémber 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Laga Muhammad Ali vs [[Antonio Inoki]] taun 1976 maénkeun hiji peran penting dina sajarah [[seni beladiri campuran]].<ref>Gross, Josh (2016). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GPCGDAAAQBAJ Ali vs. Inoki: The Forgotten Fight That Inspired Mixed Martial Arts and Launched Sports Entertainment]''. BenBella Books. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>9781942952190</bdi>.</ref> Di Jepang, tanding éta ngailhaman murid Inoki, Masakatsu Funaki jeung Minoru Suzuki pikeun ngadegkeun [[Yayasan Pancrase|Yayasan ''Pancrase'']] di taun 1993, nu kaituna ngailhaman diadegkeunna [[Kajuaraan Patarungan Pride|Kajuaraan Patarungan ''Pride'']] di taun 1997. Pride dibeuli ku pasaingna, ''[[Ultimate Fighting Championships]]'' di taun 2007.<ref>[http://mmajunkie.com/2016/06/what-role-did-boxer-muhammad-ali-play-in-early-mma-let-ali-vs-inoki-author-josh-gross-explain "''What role did boxer Muhammad Ali play in early MMA? Let 'Ali vs. Inoki' author Josh Gross explain''"]. ''MMAjunkie''. 13 Juni 2016. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref><ref>Grant, T. P. (2 Méi 2013). [http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2013/5/2/4220042/ufc-mma-history-origins-pride-fc-rickson-gracie-Nobuhiko-Takada "''MMA Origins: Fighting For Pride''"]. ''BloodyElbow''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> [[Akte Réformasi Tinju Muhammad Ali]] dikenalkeun di taun 1999 sarta dikaluarkeun di taun 2000 pikeun nangtayungan hak-hak jeung kasajahtraan para patinju di Amérika Sarikat. Dina bulan Méi 2016, hiji piagem dikenalkeun ka Kongrés AS ku Markwayne Mullin, saurang pulitisi manten patarung [[MMA]] pikeun manjangkeun Akta Ali kana seni beladiri campuran.<ref>Raimondi, Marc (12 Juni 2016). [http://www.mmafighting.com/2016/6/12/11911444/click-debate-whats-all-this-talk-about-the-ali-act-coming-to-mma "''Click Debate: What's all this talk about the Ali Act coming to MMA?''"]. ''MMAjunkie''. Diakseés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Dina Juni 2016, sénator AS Rand Paul ngusulkeun hiji amandemén pikeun undang-undang wajib militer AS  sangkan maké ngaran Ali, hiji usulan pikeun ngahapus Sistém Pangabdian Selektif.<ref>Klimas, Jacqueline (7 Juni 2016). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/rand-pauls-amendment-to-knock-out-the-draft-named-after-muhammad-ali/article/2593175 "''Rand Paul's amendment to knock out the draft named after Muhammad Ali''"]. ''Washington Examiner''. Diaksés 4 Séptémber 2016.</ref> Taun 2015, ''Sports Illustrated'' ngaganti ngaran Panghargaan Warisan Olahragawan jadi Panghargaan Warisan Muhammad Ali ''Sports Illustrated''. Panghargaan taunan éta asalna dijieun di taun 2008 sarta méré ajén ka manten “tokoh olahraga nu midangkeun kaolahragaan, kapamingpinan jeung kadermawanan nu idéal minangka tunggangan pikeun ngarobah dunya.” Ali munggaran némbongan dina sampul majalah éta di taun 1963 sarta sababaraha kali dipidangkeun deui minangka sampulna dina wanci karirna.<ref>[https://www.si.com/sports-illustrated-sportsman-year-legacy-award-renamed-for-muhammad-ali SI Wire] "''SI dedicates Sportsman of the Year Legacy Award to'' Muhammad Ali", ''Sports Illustrated'', 25 Séptémber 2015. Diaksés 13 Séptémber 2015.</ref> Tanggal 13 Januari 2017, tujuh bulan sabada maotna, sarta opat poé méméh tepung taunna nu ka 75, Akte Koin Panginget-nginget Muhammad Ali diusulkeun kana Kongrés ka-115 (2017-2019), minangka H.R. 579 (''House of Representatives'') jeung minangka S. 166 (''Senate''). Sanajan kitu, duanana "digugurkeun" dina jero waktu 10 poé.<ref>Walker, Hubert (23 Januari 2017). [https://coinweek.com/modern-coins/boxing-legend-muhammad-ali-commemorative-coin-bill-introduced/ "''Boxing Legend Muhammad Ali Commemorative Coin Bill Introduced''"]. ''CoinWeek''. Diaksés 2 Pébruari 2020.</ref> === Dina média jeung budaya populér === Minangka juara dunia tinju, aktipis sosial jeung ikon budaya pop, Ali jadi subjék tina sababaraha gawé kréatif, kaasup buku, pilem, musik, vidio gim, acara TV jlld. Muhammad Ali remen dilandi minangka “jalma pangkasohorna” di média.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/56024982/ "''The Daily Oklahoman''"]. 29 Juni 1979.</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/111037876/ "''The Courier-Journal''"]. 26 Apriil 1986.</ref><ref>[https://blogs.voanews.com/us-opinion/2016/06/06/the-most-famous-person-ever/ "''The Most Famous Person Ever''"]. ''Voice of America''. 6 Juni 2016.</ref> Sababaraha patarunganna ditongton ku kira-kira 1-2 milyar panongton antara taun 1974 nepi ka 1980, sarta panyeungeutan oborna dina [[Olimpiade Atlanta 1996]] ditongton ku kira-kira 3,5 milyar panongton.<ref name="Hajeski"/> [[Gambar:StangoAli.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Lukisan Muhammad Ali seni pop ku John Stango]] Ali nembongan dina sampul ''Sports Illustrated'' dina 38 kali kajadian nu baréda,<ref>[https://www.si.com/vault/search/covers?q=muhammad%20ali "''Muhammad Ali Covers''"]. ''Sports Illustrated Vault''. Sports Illustrated. Diaksés 22 Désémber 2019.</ref> nempatan posisi kadua ngan sahandapeun [[Michael Jordan]] wungkul.<ref>[https://www.si.com/vault/search/covers?q=michael%20jordan "''Michael Jordan Covers''"]. ''Sports Illustrated Vault''. Sports Illustrated. Diaksés 22 Désémber 2019.</ref> Ali ogé minton dina sampul Majalah ''[[Time]]'' lima kali,<ref>[https://time.com/4357508/muhammad-ali-time-cover-philippe-halsman/ "''Behind TIME's New Muhammad Ali Cover''"]. ''Time''. Dina artikelna dikutip opat kali, tambah sampul dina artikel harita jadi lima. 2016. Diaksés 20 Nopémber 2019.</ref> panglobana dibanding atlét mana ogé. Taun 2015, Harris Poll nyimpulkeun yén Ali téh minangka hiji tina tilu atlét pangkakoncarana di Amérika Sarikat, bareng jeung Michael Jordan sarta [[Babe Ruth]].<ref>[http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/14470482/michael-jordan-jordan-stays-atop-harris-poll-ahead-babe-ruth-muhamad-ali "''Jordan stays atop Harris Poll ahead of Ruth, Ali''"]. ''ESPN''. 31 Désémber 2015.</ref> Dina pangjieunan ''Freedom Road'', Ali patepung jeung panyanyi-pangarang lagu Michel (ogé nelah ku Robert Williams, saurang nu ngilu ngadegkeun ''The Kindness Offensive'',<ref>Smith, Amy (9 Juni 2016). [https://www.timeout.com/london/music/meet-the-busker-who-worked-as-muhammad-alis-personal-musician "''Meet the London busker who worked as Muhammad Ali's personal musician''"]. ''Time Out''. Diaksés 12 Juni 2016.</ref> sarta tuluy ngabantuan nyieun album Michel nu dijudulan ku ''The First Flight'' ''of the Gizzelda Dragon'' sarta siaran husus tivi nu mintonkeun maranéhna duaan.<ref>Michel (4 Januari 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/jan/04/experience-muhammad-ali-mentor "''Experience: Muhammad Ali was my mentor''".] ''The Guardian''. Diaksés 11 Juni 2016.</ref> Ali jadi jejer dina program télévisi Inggris ''This Is Your Life'' di taun 1978 di mana manéhna dihelokkeun ku Earnonn Andrews.<ref>[http://www.bigredbook.info/muhammad_ali.html "''Muhammad Ali's appearance on This Is Your Life''"]. ''Big Red Book – Celebrating television's This Is Your Life''. Diaksés 11 Januari 2016.</ref> Ali dipintonkeun dina ''Superman vs Muhammad Ali'', buku komik DC taun 1978 nu ngadukeun si juara ngalawan si superhero. Taun 1979, Ali jadi béntang tamu merankeun dirina dina hiji épisode komédi situasi NBC, ''Diff’rent Strokes''. Acara éta sorangan kailhaman ku kutipan “''Different strokes for different folks''” nu dipopulérkeun ku Ali di taun 1966 nu ogé ngailhaman judul lagu Syl Johnson di taun 1967 “''Different Strokes''”. salah sahiji lagu nu pangmindengna ditarurutan dina sajarah musik.<ref>[https://www.metv.com/lists/10-things-you-never-knew-about-diffrent-strokes "''10 things you never knew about 'Diff'rent Strokes''<nowiki/>'"]. MeTV. 6 Pébruari 2018.</ref> Ali ogé nulis sababaraha buku payu ngeunaan karirna, kaasup ''The Greatest: My Own Story'' jeung ''The Soul of a Butterfly''. Épek Muhammad Ali, dingaranan maké ngaran Ali, mangrupa hiji istilah nu digunakeun dina psikologi di taun 1980-an, nalika Ali nyarita dina ''The Greatest: My Own Story'': “Kuring ngan ngomong kuring téh pangpunjulna, lain pangpinterna.”<ref name=":9" /> Numutkeun épék ieu, nalika jalma ditanya pikeun ngukur kapinteranna jeung perilaku moralna dibandingkeun jeung nu lian, jalma-jalma bakal ngukur dirina minangka leuwih ngabogaan moral ti batan leuwih pinter banding nu lian.<ref>Allison, Scott T.; Messick, David M.; Goethals, George R. (1989). "''On Being Better but not Smarter than Others: The Muhammad Ali Effect''". ''Social Cognition''. '''7''' (3): 275–295. doi:10.1521/soco.1989.7.3.275.</ref><ref>Van Lange, P. A. M. (1 Désémber 1991). "''Being Better but Not Smarter than Others: The Muhammad Ali Effect at Work in Interpersonal Situations''". ''Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin''. '''17''' (6): 689–693. doi:10.1177/0146167291176012.</ref> ''When We Were Kings'', hiji pilem dokuménter ngeunaan ''Palagan di Leuweung'', meunangkeun Panghargaan Academy pikeun Pintonan Dokuménter Panpunjulna,<ref>''[[imdbtitle:0118147|When We Were Kings (1996)]]'' dina IMDb</ref> sarta pilem biographi taun 2001, Ali, ngahasilkeun nominasi pikeun [[Will Smith]] dina kategori Aktor Pangpunjulna dina peranna minangka Ali.<ref>''[[imdbtitle:0248667|Ali (2001)]]'' dina IMDb.</ref> Pilem nu disebut ti tukang disutradaraan ku Michael Mann jeung dijieun tina campuran kajian, sarta réa kritikus pilem muji ka Smith dina merankeun Ali. Saméméh pangjieunan pilem éta, Smith nolak peranna nepi ka Ali sorangan ménta sangkan dirina daék narima. Smith nyaritakeun, hal kahiji nu ku Ali diomongkeun ka dirina nyaéta: “''Man'', anjeun ampir nepi kasépna pikeun merankeun kuring.”<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1719162.stm "''FILM,'' ''Will Smith peaks as Ali''"]. ''BBC News''. 25 Désémber 2001. Diaksés 5 Désémber 2010.</ref> Taun 2002, Ali dileler ku hiji béntang dina Jalan Kamashuran Hollywood pikeun sumbanganna ka industri hiburan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100701010558/http://hwof.com/star/live-theatre/muhammad-ali/2435 "''Hollywood Walk of Fame database''"]. HWOF.com. Diarsipkeun ti [http://hwof.com/star/live-theatre/muhammad-ali/2435 nu asli] tanggal 1 Juli 2010.</ref> Béntangna téh mangrupa hiji-hijina nu dipasangkeun dina wangun vertikal, béda jeung nu lianna ku paméntana sabab ngaran Muhammad – hiji ngaran nu sarua jeung nabi Islam – teu meunang ditincekan.<ref>Christian, Margena A. (16 April 2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BjsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false "''How Do You Really Get A Star On The Hollywood Walk Of Fame?''"]. ''Jet''. Vol.&nbsp;111 no.&nbsp;15. kk.&nbsp;25, 29. Diaksés 12 Oktober 2010 &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2LQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52#v=onepage&q&f=false "''A Star for the Greatest''"]. ''Jet''. Vol.&nbsp;101 no.&nbsp;6. 28 Januari 2002. k.&nbsp;52. Diaksés 22 Séptémber 2010 &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref> ''Pangadilan Muhammad Ali'', hiji pilem dokuménter nu disutradaraan ku Bill Siegel nu fokus kana panolakan Ali kana wajib militer nalika Perang Viétnam, dibuka di Manhattan tanggal 23 Agustus 2013.<ref>Rapold, Nicolas (22 Agustus 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/23/movies/trials-of-muhammad-ali-traces-alis-battle-over-vietnam.html "''One of His Biggest Fights Was Outside of the Ring''"]. ''The New York Times''. Diaksés 29 Agustus 2016.</ref><ref>"''The Trials of Muhammad Ali''". Kartemquin Educational Films. Diaksés 26 Agustus 2013.</ref> Hiji deui dijieun pikeun pilem TV dijudulan ku ''Muhammad Ali’s Greatest Fight'', ogé di taun 2013, ngadramatisir aspék nu sarua tina kahirupan Ali. Pilem dokuménter ''What's My Name: Muhammad Ali'' dipedalkeun di taun 2019. == Diskographi == * ''I Am the Greatest'' (1963) * ''The Adventures of Ali and His Gang vs. Mr. Tooth Decay'' (1976) == Tempo ogé == Dina en.wikipedia * [[:en:List_of_world_heavyweight_boxing_champions|Daptar juara dunia tinju kelas beurat]] * [[:en:List_of_WBA_world_champions|Daptar juara dunia WBA]] * [[:en:List_of_WBC_world_champions|Daptar juara dunia WBC]] * [[:en:List_of_The_Ring_world_champions|Daptar juara dunia ''The Ring'']] * [[:en:List_of_undisputed_boxing_champions|Daptar juara tinju sajati]] * [[:en:Converts_to_Islam|Asup Islam]] * [[:en:Notable_boxing_families|Kulawarga tinju nu kaceluk]] * [[:en:List_of_people_from_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area|Daptar jalma ti aréa métropolitan Louisville]] * [[:en:List_of_North_American_Muslims|Daptar Muslim Amérika Kalér]] * [[:en:African-American_Muslims|Muslim Amérika-Afrika]] * [[:en:Wells_Fargo#1981_MAPS_Wells_Fargo_embezzlement_scandal|Skandal Panilepan MAPS Wells Fargo 1981]] == Réferénsi == [[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1942]] [[Kategori:Olahraga]] hcxc9yajd9r0a55rchqrzis53or554f 0 100131 666832 603120 2024-05-03T00:43:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Louis Tomlinson | image = Louis Tomlinson November 2014.jpg | caption = Tomlinson, 2014 | birth_name = Louis Troy Austin | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1991|12|24}} | birth_place = [[Doncaster]], Inggris | net_worth = £42&nbsp;juta<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/richest-young-musicians-in-britain-2018-sunday-times-rich-list-2018-5/#4-niall-horan-one-direction-46-million-8 |title=The 11 richest young musicians in Britain |last=Dodgson |first=Lindsay |work=Business Insider UK |accessdate=11 May 2018 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824173554/http://uk.businessinsider.com/richest-young-musicians-in-britain-2018-sunday-times-rich-list-2018-5#4-niall-horan-one-direction-46-million-8 |date=24 August 2018 }}</ref> | years_active = 2010–ayeuna | occupation = {{flatlist| * Penyanyi * panulis lagu }} | partner = | children = 1 | module = {{Infobox musical artist |embed=yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| *[[Pop music|Pop]] *[[electropop]] *[[pop rock]] }} | instrument = Vokal | label = {{flatlist| * Syco * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * [[Epic Records|Epic]] }} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[One Direction]]}} | website = {{URL|louis-tomlinson.com}} }} }} '''Louis William Tomlinson''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|i|_|ˈ|t|ɒ|m|l|ɪ|n|s|ə|n}};<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/a34453/celebrity-name-pronunciations/|title=11 Celeb Names You're Totally Pronouncing Wrong|work=[[Seventeen (American magazine)|Seventeen]]|date=31 July 2017|accessdate=19 November 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030185236/http://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/a34453/celebrity-name-pronunciations/|archivedate=30 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> atawa '''Louis Troy Austin'''; {{lahirmati||24|12|1991|}})<ref>{{cite web|title=Louis Tomlinson|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4164873/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm|website=IMDb|publisher=IMDb.com|accessdate=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728180240/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4164873/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm|archivedate=28 July 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>nyaéta penyanyi, panulis lagu sareng aktor tipi asal Inggris. Anjeunna katelah anggota band anu disebut [[One Direction]].<ref name="Debretts">{{cite news|title=Debrett's 500 List: Music|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/debretts-500-list-music/|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=21 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221182626/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/debretts-500-list-music/|archivedate=21 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == {{Commons category|Louis Tomlinson}} * {{Official website|http://www.onedirectionmusic.com/}} * {{allmusic|class=artist|id=one-direction-mn0002766592}} * {{Facebook|onedirectionmusic}} * {{IMDb name|4108424}} * {{guardiantopic|music/one-direction}} * {{Twitter|onedirection}} {{Biografi-pondok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tomlinson, Louis}} [[Kategori:Panyanyi Inggris]] [[Kategori:Aktor Inggris]] jhql99sseb0wi5fw0u95qm2cetmb94b 10 105185 666826 2024-05-02T13:53:54Z AwiOded 31581 Nyieun kaca anyar Milampah ucapan/kecap, NU meureunah dina Sagala waktosna/zaman,>...Tumbu/sambungan>...bentena Pupuhu+kuncen...? wikitext text/x-wiki Milampah ucapan/kecap, NU meureunah dina Sagala waktosna/zaman,>...Tumbu/sambungan>...bentena Pupuhu+kuncen...? oknftn7fucyivdl1x973fez1dtewcat